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Simulation of the mechanical response of lithium-ion battery cells is preferably over experimental due to the explosive nature of them. There are several mechanical modelling methods for representing pouch cells; this study introduces a modified homogenized model. The model uses mechanical responses of layers from literature to establish an average behavior of a pouch cell. Data is normalized, then unified tension and compression stress-strain curves are gathered. These properties are used to build a homogenized pouch cell model by using a tension and compression plasticity model. A stress state dependent failure model (GISSMO) is utilized to demonstrate the damage of cell. Finally, experimental studies from literature are employed for validation. As a result, the model simulates peak forces of all experimental studies with a very low deviation. Homogenizing pouch cell with the proposed approach eliminates modeling detail without compromising the overall mechanical response of the cell. The model is seen to be suitable for applications that do not require a precise mechanical response, such as a battery module or pack analysis.

Development in material science imposes to use different materials in production. This causes a problem for joining different materials because traditional joining techniques such as welding could not overcome this problem in industries such as automotive. Hence, adhesive bonding overcomes this problem by its superiorities to join different materials. The joint strength of epoxy-based adhesives is affected by adhesive thickness, adherent's surface quality, and curing conditions. In this study, two different materials (SAE 304 and AL7075) were bonded by epoxy adhesive (3M DP460NS) as single lap joint (SLJ) of Aluminum-Aluminum, Steel-Steel, and Aluminum-Steel. The effects of adhesive thickness (0.05, 0.13, 0.25 mm) and surface roughness (281, 193, 81 nm) to strength were compared. SLJs were tested for 1, 10, 25 and 50 mm/min displacement rates. Adhesive surface structures were imaged by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to investigate adhesive fractures. Surface roughnesses were examined by using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to compare its influence on failure load. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted by using Cohesive Zone Model with ANSYS 18.0 software to obtain stress distribution of adhesive. Optimum values according to the present conditions of the thickness (0.13mm) and roughness (<200nm) were determined. Experimental results were demonstrated that while displacement rates rose, failure loads increased as well. FEA analysis was fit to experimental results. It has been observed that along with material type, peel stresses become an important factor for joint strength.