No abstract

Resumo A instalação de sistemas fotovoltaicos mostra-se uma alternativa promissora para a geração sustentável de energia elétrica. A realização de estudos de viabilidade de instalações fotovoltaicas é de extrema importância para se verificar a disponibilidade do recurso solar no local de instalação. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo comparar os resultados da análise econômica de um sistema fotovoltaico com diferentes estimativas de geração de energia elétrica, utilizando diferentes bases de dados de irradiação solar. Tendo como objeto de estudo o sistema fotovoltaico do campus Floriano do IFPI, foram obtidos dados de irradiação solar a partir de diferentes bancos e softwares dedicados, e estimada a produção de energia elétrica. Esta foi comparada com os dados reais de geração, obtidos através do software de monitoramento dos inversores do sistema, e submetida a testes estatísticos. Para cada amostra foi realizado um estudo econômico, utilizando os conceitos da engenharia econômica. Os resultados mostram que a escolha da metodologia de cálculo das estimativas de geração pode influenciar diretamente nos resultados das análises de viabilidade, o que pode levar a escolhas erradas. Dependendo do tamanho do erro, problemas podem surgir durante a utilização do sistema a curto, médio e longo prazo.

The expansion of Brazilian higher education institutions (HEIs) organized in multicampi structures brought a significant complexity to the academic and administrative management. In this context, environmental management strategies become quite relevant, especially when considering the low effectiveness of the Brazilian Labeling Program (BLP) for the classification of buildings in practice. The main objective of the present paper is to evaluate the BLP efficacy as applied to HEI buildings, aiming to develop a new environmental labeling model for multicampi HEIs. For this purpose, the BLP was applied to the labeling of Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí (IFPI), employing data obtained from electricity bills between 2016 and 2018. The energy diagnosis was performed considering distinct indicators,performance indexes, levels and rankings of relative energy efficiency, from which energy efficiency labels could be developed. The results allow the verification of the low efficiency of the BLP, especially in the environmental labeling of HEIs. From the detailed analysis of bills, it is possible to develop environmental labels inspired by the BLP, resulting in a different approach. A novel type-II environmental labeling methodology is then introduced based on the breakdown of electricity bills and statistical methods.

The number of distributed generation systems has grown exponentially in Brazil since its first regulation. However, with the approval of a new legal framework, consumers began to pay for using the electricity distribution system, resulting in a direct impact on the electricity market. Thus, the objective of this work is to evaluate the influence of such a new regulation on the economic feasibility of distributed generation systems for residential facilities, which are the most representative consumers. For this purpose, the approved energy tariffs for the utilities are analyzed in detail, as well as the impact on the cash flow of systems installed in the vacancy period of the law. Five distinct scenarios are assessed, considering econometric parameters and a thorough comparison with traditional fixed-income investments available in Brazil. The study shows that there is no common pattern for the adoption of electricity tariffs, while the new regulation varies according to the tariff type in the regions most impacted in the country. Even with the decrease in attractiveness, one can state that the systems are still viable in all the analyzed scenarios, even without a smooth transition between the regulations. Finally, it is strongly recommended that new systems are installed as soon as possible associated with proper energy management in consumer units, while prioritizing energy consumption during peak generation periods.

Considering the multicampi organizational structure of higher education institutions (HEIs), the expansion of photovoltaic (PV) systems previously installed in the facilities, the great potential for PV generation in Brazil, and the 2030 Agenda, the general goal of this research study is to evaluate and promote the expansion of the aforementioned PV systems. For this purpose, the PV system installed at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Piauí comprising a future expansion is characterized by a thorough literature and documentary research. The solar resource available at the campuses of the institution was estimated using the second version of the Brazilian Atlas of Solar Energy. The technical–economic viability of the system expansion is assessed through the average parameters and minimum performance indexes required by the institution. Thus, it is possible to prove the effectiveness of the methodology to identify investment priorities and guide the construction and expansion of other PV systems, confirming that this process is technically and economically feasible as associated with strategic adherence, also bringing several environmental benefits.