ABSTRACT. In the final phases of new soybean cultivar development, lines are cultivated in several locations across multiple seasons with the intention of identifying and selecting superior genotypes for quantitative traits. In this context, this study aimed to study the genotype-byenvironment interaction for the trait grain yield (kg/ha), and to evaluate the adaptability and stability of early-cycle soybean genotypes using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis,
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de 23 híbridos de milho e sua reação à incidência de Phaeosphaeria maydis. O experimento foi realizado no Município de Uberlândia, MG. O delineamento experimental usado foi o de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Os caracteres avaliados foram: altura da inserção da primeira espiga, altura das plantas, florescimento masculino e feminino e produtividade de grãos. O número de grãos ardidos e a sanidade do colmo foram avaliados por meio de uma escala de notas. Para avaliar o comportamento dos híbridos em relação à severidade de P. maydis, utilizou-se uma escala de notas, e, posteriormente, calculou-se a área abaixo da curva do progresso da doença, visando a identificar os materiais mais resistentes à evolução da doença. Houve diferenças entre o desempenho dos híbridos em relação à maioria dos caracteres avaliados. Quanto às correlações, os resultados mais expressivos, foram entre produtividade e altura das plantas e entre produtividade e inserção das espigas, em que as correlações foram positivas e significativas; entre produtividade e área abaixo do progresso da doença, a correlação foi negativa, o que indica que a ocorrência da mancha de P. maydis afeta a produtividade de grãos. Variabilidade foi observada quanto à reação dos genótipos em relação à P. maydis, sugerindo, assim, que existe fonte de resistência para o controle genético desta doença.
The goals of this research were to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic correlations between agronomic traits, to perform path analysis, having as main character grain yield, and to identify indirect selection criteria for grain yield. The experiment was carried out in an experimental area located at Capim Branco farm, which belongs to Federal University of Uberlândia, during the growing season of 2015/2016.Twenty-four soybean genotypes were evaluated under randomized complete block design with three repetitions, of which agronomic traits and grain yield were measured. There was genetic variability for all traits at 5% probability level through the F-test. Thirty significant phenotypic correlations were also observed with values oscillating from 0.42 to 0.87, which indicated a high level of association between some evaluated traits. Additionally, we verified that phenotypic and genotypic correlations were essential of the same direction, being the genotypic ones of superior magnitudes. Plants with superior vegetative cycle had longer life cycles; this fact could be explained by the significant phenotypic correlations between the number of days to the blooming and number of days to maturity (0.76). Significantly positive phenotypic and genotypic correlations for the total number of pods per plant and grain yield per plant (0.84) were observed. Through the path analysis, the trait that contributed the most over grain yield was the number of pods with three seeds as it showed the highest direct effect on grain yield per plant, as well as a strong indirect effect on the total number of pods. Therefore, the phenotypic and genotypic correlations suggested high correlations between grain yield and number of branched nodes, the number of pods with two and three seeds, and the total number of pods. Also, the path analysis determined the number of pods with three seeds as having the highest favorable effect on grain yield, and thus, being useful for indirect selection toward productive soybean genotypes.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar porcentagem de germinação, vigor, sanidade de sementes e produtividade de 18 linhagens de soja (Glycine max). O ensaio de campo foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental do Capim Branco da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e 18 tratamentos, constituídos pelos genótipos de soja. Os genótipos UFV94-426803 e BR92-06665 apresentaram a maior e a menor porcentagem de germinação (96 e 69%, respectivamente). Essa variável correlacionou-se positivamente com o vigor das sementes (r= +0,79), e negativamente com a incidência de Fusarium semitectum, Phomopsis sojae e Colletotrichum dematium (r= -0,33, -0,39, e --0,26, respectivamente). As linhagens CSP-5 e BR93-6957 apresentaram, respectivamente, o maior (90) e o menor (54,5) vigor das sementes. Houve correlação positiva do vigor das sementes com a produtividade de grãos (r= +0,59), e negativa com a incidência de F. semitectum e P. sojae (r= -0,36 e --0,60, respectivamente). Verificou-se uma incidência de 47 e 9% de F. semitectum, respectivamente, para os genótipos FT-2002 e CSP-5. Os genótipos BR93-6957 e UFV94-426803 apresentaram, respectivamente, 49,7 e 2,1% de incidência de P. sojae e 'CSP-2' foi o genótipo que apresentou a maior incidência de C. dematium, (3,8%). 'FT-2001' e 'UFV94-1896' apresentaram, respectivamente, a maior (3,9 t/ha) e a menor (2,48 t/ha) produtividade de grãos. Houve correlação negativa dessa variável com a incidência de P. sojae (r= -0,44). As cultivares BR-16 e OCEPAR-3 apresentaram valores intermediários para todas variáveis avaliadas, embora não tenham diferido significativamente dos demais genótipos avaliados nesse ensaio.
ABSTRACT. Defining selection criteria is important to obtain promising genotypes in a breeding program. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for agronomic traits and to perform soybean line selection using selection indices. The experiment was conducted at an experimental area located at Capim Branco farm, belonging to the Federal University of Uberlândia. A total of 37 soybean genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replicates, in which twelve agronomic traits were evaluated. Analysis of variance, the Scott-Knott test at the 1 and 5% level of probability, and selection index analyses were performed. There was genetic variability for all agronomic traits, with medium to high levels of genotype determination coefficient. Twelve lines with a total cycle up to 110 days were observed and grouped with the cultivars MSOY 6101 and UFUS 7910. Three lines, UFUS FG 03, UFUS FG 20, and UFUS FG 31, were highlighted regarding grain yield with higher values than the national average of 3072 kg/ha. The direct selection
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