Introdução: O estado nutricional do paciente oncológico apresenta grande variação ao longo da doença, além de efeitos adversos relacionados ao trato gastrointestinal serem comuns durante o tratamento quimioterápico. Objetivo: Avaliar o estado nutricional e a presença de sintomas gastrointestinais em pacientes oncológicos submetidos à quimioterapia. Método: Estudo transversal com pacientes em tratamento no setor de Quimioterapia do Hospital Escola da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), RS, no período de abril a julho de 2019. Dados sociodemográficos e questões relacionadas à doença foram obtidos por meio de um questionário. Para avaliação do estado nutricional e dos sintomas gastrointestinais, utilizou-se a avaliação subjetiva global produzida pelo paciente. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de análise descritiva, e a associação entre variáveis categóricas, verificada pelo teste qui-quadrado de Pearson (p<0,05). Resultados: Foram avaliados 101 pacientes, com média de idade de 58,6 anos e maior prevalência de indivíduos do sexo feminino (58,4%), de cor branca (77,2%), casados (53,0%), pertencentes à classe C (50,4%). Encontrou-se maior prevalência dos cânceres do trato gastrointestinal (34,6%) e mama (27,8%). A maioria dos pacientes foi classificada como bem nutrido (66,3%), enquanto saciedade precoce (56,0%), xerostomia (54,0%), inapetência (42,0%) e náusea (37,0%) foram os sintomas mais citados. Não foi encontrada associação estatística entre o estado nutricional e qualquer um dos sintomas gastrointestinais. Conclusão: O estado nutricional da maioria dos pacientes foi classificado como bem nutrido, mas necessitando de atenção para a ocorrência dos sintomas gastrointestinais.
Introduction: Chemotherapy is a type of treatment widely used against cancer, but it can result in sensory changes and aversion to foods usually consumed before treatment, negatively impacting the patient’s nutritional status. The objective of this study was to assess the feeding behavior and the possible changes of taste and smell in patients undergoing chemotherapy at the Hospital School of Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the first half of 2019, with patients above 18 years, in the second cycle of chemotherapy. The data collection was performed from a self-administered questionnaire containing sociodemographic and treatment-related information, presence of signs and symptoms, and acquired food aversion. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, and to compare categorical variables between the moments before and after chemotherapy, Pearson’s chi-square test was used, with p <0.001. Results: A total of 101 cancer patients participated in the study, most of them female (58.4%). The initial tumor sites of higher prevalence were in the gastrointestinal tract and in the breast. Foods that showed statistically altered dietary pattern (p<0.001) were: beans, leafy vegetables, vegetables, milk and dairy products, bread/cakes, soups, soft drinks/sweet drinks. Regarding the food aversion seized, the food that stood out the most was soft drinks/sweets and processed meat. The most frequently cited adverse effects of the treatment were: alteration or reduction in the taste of food, xerostomia and nausea caused by the food’s aroma. Conclusion: Chemotherapy affects the patient’s relationship to food, causing an important change in eating behavior.
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