Belgium, and Klinik f u r GefEugel der Tierarztlichen Hochschule Hanover, 0-3000 Hanover, Federal Republic of Bordetella avium is proposed as the name of a new species containing 28 avian strains that cause coryza (rhinotracheitis) in turkey poults. The type strain is Hinz 591-77 (= ATCC 35086). The majority of the strains investigated were previously known as Bordetella-like or Bordetella brorzchiseptica-like bacteria; one of the strains was previously referred to as Alcaligenes faecalis. The B . avium strains were compared with more than 50 culture collection strains belonging to Bordetella bronchiseptica, Bordetella pertussis, Bordetella parapertussis, Alcaligenes faecalis, "Alcaligenes odorans," Alcaligenes denitrijicans, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Pseudomonas pertucinogena, and unnamed groups IVc-2 and IVe. The properties of B . avium and its taxonomic position relative to the above-mentioned taxa were determined by morphological, physiological, nutritional, and serological studies and by a numerical analysis of protein electropherograms, deoxyribonucleic acid-ribosomal ribonucleic acid hybridizations, and pathogenicity tests for turkey poults. The 28 B . avium strains formed a tight cluster, sharing very similar phenotypic features and protein gel electropherograms. We observed no significant differences among strains isolated from turkeys in different geographical areas. The 28 strains were strictly aerobic, gram-negative, peritrichously flagellated, urease-negative rods; the deoxyribonucleic acid base composition ranged from 61.6 to 62.6 mol% guanine plus cytosine. The phenotypic and serological characteristics, together with the properties of the deoxyribonucleic acid-ribosomal ribonucleic acid hybrids, indicated that this new species is a member of the genus Bordetella. The Alcaligenes denitrijicans-Achromobacter xylosoxidans cluster is the closest neighbor of Bordetella, which is clearly different from all of the other taxa examined. B . avium has been isolated from the respiratory tracts of turkeys and from some other birds, such as a chicken, a duck, and a goose. All of the B . avium strains investigated caused coryza in turkey poults. An extensive phenotypic description of B . avium is given, and this species is differentiated phenotypically from the following taxa: B . pertussis, B . parapertussis, B . bronchiseptica, Alcaligenes faecalis, Alcaligenes denitrijicans, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, and groups IVc-2 and IVe. The aim of the present study was to examine the taxonomic relationships of 28 Bordetella-like strains which were isolated from birds and caused coryza (rhinotracheitis) in turkey poults. The morphological, physiological, and biochemical features of these strains were investigated, and the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) base compositions were determined. The strains were also compared by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of their proteins, pathogenicity tests, and agglutination and gel diffusion precipitation tests. Hybridizations between DNA and ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) were...

SUMMARYAeromonas hydrophila was isolated from 135 of a total of 1226 wild birds. It was the only bacterial species in eight birds, while other bacteria, mainly enterobacteriaceae, staphylococci and/or streptococci were identified in all other birds. The rate of isolation from aquatic birds (18.5%) was higher (P<0.001) than from birds of terrestrial habitats (3.4%). Infection may also depend on dietary habits: 7.0% of the granivorous and herbivorous species, 8.4% of the omnivores and 12.0% of carnivorous and insectivorous birds were infected. A. hydrophila was isolated more frequently during the summer (12.9%) than the winter (8.9%).

Antibodies against egg drop syndrome 1976 (EDS 76) virus (strain 127) were detected with the aid of the haemagglutination inhibition test and virus neutralisation test in serum samples of two out of 381 owls, in one out of four storks, in one out of two swans and in one out of 18 wild geese. The antibody positive two owls and the stork laid eggs with a malformed shell. No antibodies against EDS 76 virus were detected in sera of 16 partridges, 28 pheasants, and 72 birds of prey.

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Summary Properties of paramyxovirus‐isolates of 5 different feral bird species As a result of a surveillance programme in North‐Germany, paramyxovirus‐isolates of sero‐group 1 with different pathogenicity were isolated from different species of feral birds (Black‐headed gull, mallard, tawny owl, tree sparrow, mute swan). In chick embryo fibroblast monolayers these isolates produced plaques exhibiting different plaque morphology. After cloning the isolates, further physicochemical, serological and pathogenicity testings were performed. On the basis of mean death time and intracerebral pathogenicity index, two of the isolates were found to be avirulent (lentogenic), whereas the others proved to be virulent (velogenic). SDS‐Polyacrylamidgel‐electrophoresis showed polypeptide patterns similar to that of the PMV‐1 reference strains. Summarizing all relevant findings of these investigations under consideration of the suggestions for the virological description of avian PMV (Alexander, 1987; Alexander et al., 1987; Who‐Expert‐Comittee, 1980), including the recently established serotyping by means of monoclonal antibodies, the following designations of the PMV isolates tested herein are proposed: Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen einer Reihenuntersuchung im Raum Niedersachsen konnten aus verschiedenen Wildvogelspezies (Lachmöwe, Stockente, Waldkauz, Feldsperling, Höckerschwan) Paramyxovirus‐Isolate der Serogruppe 1 mit unterschiedlicher Pathogenität gewonnen werden. Diese Isolate induzierten in Hühnerembryofibroblasten‐Zellkulturen die Bildung von Plaques mit unterschiedlicher Morphologie. Nach Plaquereinigung wurden mit diesen Isolaten weitere physikalisch‐chemische und serologische Untersuchungen sowie Pathogenitätstests an SPF‐Küken durchgeführt. Aufgrund der Mean death time und des intracerebralen Pathogenitätsindex ließen sich zwei der Isolate als avirulent (lentogen), die drei anderen als virulent (velogen) einstufen. In der SDS‐Polyacrylamidgel‐Elektrophorese zeigten die Isolate ähnliche Polypeptidprofile wie die untersuchten PMV‐1 ‐Referenzstämme. Das Proteinbandenmuster bestand unter reduzierenden und nicht reduzierenden Bedingungen aus 7–8 Polypeptiden. Unter Berücksichtigung aller für die Benennung aviärer Paramyxoviren relevanter Befunde (Alexander, 1987; Alexander u. Mitarb., 1987; WHO‐Expert Comittee, 1980) einschließlich der kürzlich etablierten Serotypisierung mit Hilfe monoklonaler Antikörper ergeben sich für die untersuchten Isolate folgende Designationen: