Background: The peculiarity in Nigerians’ demographic, socio-economic and cultural pattern necessitated the need to explore potential COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. This study investigated the determinants of willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine in Nigeria. Methods: An online cross-sectional study among the general population in Nigeria. Data were collected using an electronic questionnaire.  A total of 368 individuals participated in the research. The outcome variable was willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine coded as “Yes=1 and No=0.”  Basic socio-demographic information of participants and other information related to COVID-19 were obtained. Stata MP 14 was used for the statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics were presented, test of association were carried out using chi square and a binary logistic regression was used to assess the determinants of willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine. All analyses were performed at 5% level of significance. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 29.4 + 9.65 years.  Majority of the study participants were female (58.9%), Yoruba (74.7%) and dwellers of urban area (68.5%). Also, 85.6% have attained tertiary level of education. Two-fifth (40.5%) of respondent reported their willingness to take the COVID-19 if made available. Majority (69.8%) of those that are willing to take the vaccine would prefer a live attenuated form and 39.6% would prefer the vaccine administered intramuscularly. Age group≥40 years (AOR: 5.20, CI: 1.02- 26.41), currently married (AOR: 2.81, CI: 1.05 – 7.53) and susceptibility to COVID 19 infection (AOR: 2.52, CI: 1.21 – 5.26) were associated with likelihood of willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion: Despite the fact that majority were at risk of COVID-19 infection, willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine was low among Nigerians. Level of maturity in terms of age and marriage as well as susceptibility to COVID-19 infection increased the likelihood of accepting COVID-19 infection. In Furtherance, younger ones, unmarried and non-susceptible individual may require more efforts tailored towards enrichment of understanding about the importance of COVID-19 vaccine in other to improve the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine in Nigeria.

Aims: The study investigated the pattern of adherence to medication and dietary treatment among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study conducted among 350 consented patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from a secondary public healthcare facility. Materials and Methods: A semistructured questionnaire was interviewer-administered to obtain information on respondents′ sociodemographic characteristics, level of adherence to medication and dietary treatment, and suggestions on ways of improving adherence to treatment. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data with level of significance set at 0.05. Results: Mean age of respondents was 57.9 ± 9.8 years, 60.9% were females and 78.0% were married. Some respondents exhibited total adherence to medication (58.9%) and dietary (67.4%) treatment, respectively. Determinants of nonadherence to medication and dietary treatment include using alternative traditional medicine (herbs) for the treatment of the disease (odds ratio (OR) = 0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.568-1.916) and consuming foods more than recommended quantity (OR = 6.28, 95% CI = 3.919-10.083). One of the suggested ways by the respondents to improve adherence to treatment was self-discipline (46.9%). Lack of awareness on the seriousness of the disease (42.6%) was a major challenge confronting patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Creation of awareness on the seriousness of the disease was suggested by 39.1% of respondents. Conclusions: Use of alternative medicine (herbs) and eating more than the recommended quantity of foods remain a challenge among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Comprehensive health promotion and education strategies including patient counseling on diabetes care with emphasis on adherence to medication and dietary treatment regimen should be organized regularly for diabetes patients.

Background: Obesity is gradually assuming an epidemic dimension among adults in Nigeria. Unfortunately, this has led to the increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases. Objective: The study was designed to assess the prevalence of obesity among adults in Issele-uku, Aniocha North Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional study design conducted among 201 respondents utilizing a simple random sampling technique. A validated semi-structured questionnaire was administered to obtain information from respondents; while descriptive and inferential statistics was used to analyze the data. Results: The results show that more of the respondents were between the ages of 18-40 years, while about half 101(50.50%) were females and 104(52.0%) were married. Furthermore, only 46(23.0%) were overweight while 17.50% and 5.50% were pre-obese and obese respectively. The mean Body Mass Index of the respondents was 23.02 ± 4.42 while the respondents demonstrated positive attitude towards prevention of obesity. In addition, only eating akpu/fufu significantly predicted obesity (R 2 = 0.034) while both sex (P = .350) and educational status (P = 0.165) did not significantly influence obesity and some of the respondents' 82(41.0%) exercises once in a while. Conclusion:The study recommended more awareness campaign on the dangers of obesity across communities in Nigeria.

BackgroundPrimary health care was designed to provide accessible health care for all. However, most primary health care facilities are in various states of disrepair, catering for less than 20% of potential patients in the population. This study was designed to investigate the utilisation of primary health care services in Jaba Local Government Area of Kaduna State Nigeria.MethodsThe study employed a cross-sectional study design conducted among 383 respondents utilising simple random sampling techniques. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was administered to obtain information from respondents, while descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data.ResultsThe results show that almost all of the respondents, 333(97.90%), were aware of the existence of primary health care services in their community. Furthermore, the majority of the respondents, 304(89.40%), utilized primary health care services while 293(86.20%) and 212(62.40%) were satisfied with the amount of charges for services and the supply of drugs respectively. According to the respondent, weak services in primary health care includes; personal hygiene and nutritional education, management of chronic diseases and cancer screening. Factors that influence the utilization of primary health care services according to the respondents were availability of trained personnel (AOR=1.828 95% CI=0.410–1.672), attitude of staffs (AOR=1.114 95% CI=0.527–2.355), waiting times (AOR=1.110 95% CI=0.584–2.224) and availability of diagnostic services (AOR=0.951 95% CI=0.472–1.918).ConclusionThe study highlighted the weaknesses in some of the services offered at the various primary health centres and the factors which can hinder the residents from patronizing primary health care services.

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