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The present paper is an investigation on the effect of slide diamond burnishing on the fatigue endurance of a component made of AISI52100 steel. Burnishing operation has been performed on cylindrical specimens using optimal parameters statistically selected such as burnishing force, burnishing feed and number of tool passes. Bending fatigue tests in air at R= -1 and S-N curves have been plotted by incrementing the applied stress from a maximum stress level of about 66% of the ultimate tensile stress to a stress value below which fatigue does not occur. Results show that slide diamond burnishing has increased the fatigue resistance comparing to unburnished specimens. The fatigue endurance is respectively 222 MPa and 190 MPa. At high stress levels, the fatigue resistance improvement is clearly observed and the fatigue trends are in good agreement with those reported in literature. However, the present results are slightly lower and that is attributed to the shoulder fillet value of the specimen. For small fillet radius, fatigue resistance is lowered.