Background : Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the joints, and extra-articular features are also very common . RA is associated with an increased mortality , the majority of which is originating from cardiovascular diseases . The most common cardiac involvement in RA is pericarditis . Varying the method of assessment pericarditis occurs in 30–50% of the patients. Objective : To study prevalence of pericarditis in Rheumatoid arthritis patients , by echocardiography Methods: A Prospective observational study , conducted in department of general medicine GMC Srinagar , from 2016 to 2018. 110 patients of rheumatoid arthritis were enrolled in this study. Results : Out of 110 patients , 49 % had some form of heart involvement , pericardial effusion was present in 9.1 % of patients. Female to male ratio was 3.6:1 , there were 24 (22%) males and 86 (78%) females, there was no significant relationship between gender and abnormal echocardiography findings in RA patients (p > 0.05) Conclusion : Prevalence of pericarditis was present in only 9.1% patients in our study , which is less compared to the previous studies. It is most likely because our patients were on DMARD and their disease was well controlled .Most of the previous studies date back to 70 and 80s , when DMARDS were not available and likely because of that pericarditis was very common.

INTRODUCTION: Much research has been conducted in recent decades to determine prognostic factors for adverse outcome in patients hospitalized for CAP, including concomitant diseases and clinical parameters on admission. There is a large body of evidence in this field in the general population, less focus was put in younger group of patients, even though several recent studies showed that there is an increasing number of hospital admissions due to CAP among patients less than 60 years old. AIMS & OBJECTIVES: To compare demographic profile, clinical features and comorbidities in uncomplicated vs complicated young patients of community acquired pneumonia. RESULTS:In our study mean age of hospitalisation was 48.61% as compared to 52.39% in uncomplicated hospitalisation. Our study had more females constituting 59% of total patients. Comorbidities were significantly associated with complicated hospitalisation. Chest pain (p value=0.001), fever and breathlessness was significantly present in patients with complicated hospitalisations than uncomplicated hospitalisation. CONCLUSION: Complicated hospitalisations in young patients of community acquired pneumonia is associated with certain specific demographic and clinical parameters and comorbidities which are different from those in uncomplicated patients Keywords: Community Acquired Pneumonia, CAP, demographic profile.

Background and Objective: The implantation of a permanent cardiac pacemaker for the treatment of bradyarrhythmia is one of the most popular cardiac interventions. The goal of this study is to look at the clinical profiles of individuals who have permanent pacemakers implanted Material and Methods: The study was conducted using observational methods. The study included patients who received a permanent pacemaker for bradyarrhythmias between November 2019 and November 2021. A thorough review of the demographic profile and indications was performed. Results: The vast majority of the 312 patients were older, with the majority being between the ages of 56 and 88 years old (75 % ). Pacemakers were implanted in more men than in women. Complete heart block was the most common ECG finding and the most common presenting symptom was syncope. The most prevalent sign of pacing was acquired A-V block, and the most common pacemaker mode was single chamber (VVI/VVIR). Conclusion: Acquired A-V block and SSS were found to be the most common reasons for pacemaker implantation in our study. Higher implantation rates were linked to advanced age and male gender.

Background: The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score is said to be an important factor in predicting mortality risk in fibrinolysis-eligible STEMI patients. An attempt was made to assess the situation by comparing risk stratification based on the TIMI score with the hospital outcome of such individuals. Methods: 145 STEMI patients were included in this srudy , TIMI risk scores were calculated and analysed vis-Ã -vis various relevant parameters.. Based on their TIMI scores, the patients were placed into three risk groups: low-risk,moderate-risk, and high-risk. All patients received standard anti-ischemic medication, were thrombolyzed, monitored in the ICCU, and monitored throughout their hospital stay for post-MI sequelae. Results: According to the TIMI risk score, 79 patients (54.5%) had low-risk , 48 (33.1%) to the moderate-risk , and 18 (12.4%) to the high-risk . The highest mortality rate (total 17 deaths) was found in the high-risk group (55.6%), followed by moderate-risk (12.2%) and low-risk (1.28%) groups, respectively. Killips categorization grade 2-4 had the highest relative risk (RR-15.85) of the seven potentially dubious variables evaluated, followed by systolic BP 100mmHg (RR-10.48), diabetes mellitus (RR-2.79), and age >65 years (RR- 2.59). Conclusions: In patients with STEMI, the TIMI risk scoring system appears to be a straightforward, valid, and practical bedside tool for quantitative risk classification and short-term prognosis prediction.

CAD is the leading cause of death throughout the world. Regarding the complication of myocardial infarction, the left ventricular thrombus (LVT) formation is of greater concern. Once the LVT is formed, it possesses increase potential to embolise systemically and may complicate a serious life- threatening condition i.e. stroke. Objective:To find out the frequency of LV clots in patients presenting with myocardial infarction. Method: Diagnosed MI patients were included in this study based on a convenient sampling technique. The data was collected through a standard pro forma and was analyzed through SPSS . The P-value was calculated to determine the significance of the result. Results: Out of 168 patients with MI, 118 (70.2%) were males and 50 (29.8%) were females. The mean age was 55.46± 9.54 years. On Echo, 17 (10%) patients had LVT, of which 10 cases were from male gender and seven from females. The frequency of LVT was higher in anterior MI in 16 out of 17 LVT cases (94.1%), and in other types of MI, the frequency was lower, 1 case out of 17 cases (5.9%). The frequency of LVT was also higher in the age group >50 years (70%) and was lower in the age group <50 years (30%). Conclusion: LV clot is a common complication after MI, and the frequency of LVT is more common in the age group greater than fifty and associated more with anterior MI.