In this study, the effects of Protexin and artichoke extract (AE) were evaluated on performance and oxidative stress of chicken. Totally, 300 chicks were divided into 4 groups that fed basal diet, diet containing Protexin, AE, and Protexin plus 2 AE in all over the growing period. The growth indices were measured weekly and analyzed at 21 and 42 days of age. At the 42 days of age, blood samples were collected from all chickens. The concentration of liver enzymes, lipid profiles, and antioxidant status were measured in blood samples. Results showed that the weight gain (WG) was significantly higher and feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly lower in chickens received Protexin, or Protexin plus AE in comparison with chickens received AE and control chickens (p<0.05). Furthermore, addition of AE plus Protexin can significantly increase the activity of blood Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant status (TAS) with respect to chickens that fed Protexin and AE alone. The triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CHL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was lower and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was higher in chickens received AE or Protexin plus AE with comparison of chickens fed Protexin and control chickens (p <0.05). The level of aspartate transferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) show significant decrease in chickens get Protexin plus AE. In conclusion, continuous utilization of Protexin along with Artichoke extract in broiler diets can promote growth performance and modulate oxidative stress in broilers.

vAmantadine and rimantadine are used for prevention and treatment of influenza A virus (IAV) infection. The rates of resistant IAVs have been increasing globally. However, amino acid substitutions in the M2 transmembrane channel lead to amantadine resistance. The residues of 26, 27, 30, 31 or 34 are marker of amantadine resistance in IAVs. In this study, 15 pooled tracheal samples collected from 15 chicken farms with severe respiratory sign and mortality in 2016-2018. After identification of influenza A and H9 subtype, the 1027 bp fragment of M gene was sequenced for molecular evaluation of amantadine resistance in AIV strains. Results showed 12 out of 15 pooled samples were positive for IAV and H9 subtype. Based on M2 gene analysis, 8 out of 12 (66.66%) were resistance to amantadine. Four out of 8 (50%) showed S31N substitution (serine to asparagine) and four out of 8 (50%) have V27A substitution (valine to alanine). There was no dual amantadine resistance mutation in any specimens. In conclusion, the emergence of amantadine resistance variants of AIV in Iran, can raise concerns about controlling of the seasonal and the future pandemic influenza. Therefore, greater caution is needed in the use of adamantanes