Femoral head osteonecrosis, also known as avascular necrosis, is a disease with a multifactorial etiology, characterized by a profound change of bone architecture, which leads to the diminishing of bone resistance and femoral head collapse. The main causes that lead to femoral head necrosis are represented by the decrease of local blood perfusion and increase of intraosseous pressure, because of an excessive development of adipose tissue in the areolas of the trabecular bone tissue in the femoral head. The histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) study performed by us showed that most of bone trabeculae were damaged by necrotic-involutive processes, their sizes being reduced, both regarding their length and their diameter; generally, the spans were thin, fragmented, distanced among them, which led to the occurrence of some large areolar cavities, full of conjunctive tissue, rich in adipocytes. Some of the residual bone spans even presented microfractures. In the structure of the trabecular bone tissue, numerous cavities showed lack of content, which indicates the death of osteocytes inside, while the endosteum appeared very thin, with few osteoprogenitor, flattened, difficult to highlight cells. The IHC study showed a low reaction of the bone reparatory processes and a reduced multiplication capacity of bone cells involved in the remodeling and remake of the diseased bone tissue. Nevertheless, there were identified numerous young conjunctive cells (fibroblasts, myofibroblasts), positive to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cells that have a high capacity of multiplication, participating in the formation of a fibrous conjunctive tissue (sclerous) instead of the damaged bone trabeculae. The formation of fibrous conjunctive tissue causes the reduction of mechanical resistance of the femoral head and its collapse. The IHC study of the microvascularization in the femoral head damaged by aseptic osteonecrosis showed the presence of a very low vascular system, both in the residual bone trabeculae and in the sclerous conjunctive tissue. Of the inflammatory cells present in the spongy bone tissue of the femoral head affected by osteonecrosis, the most numerous ones were the macrophages. Both macrophages and T-and B-lymphocytes had a heterogenous distribution.

The prognosis of STEMI patients experiencing the no-reflow phenomenon is unfavorable both in the short- and long-term compared to patients who do not develop this pathology, and it is even worse as other cardiovascular risk factors There is a correlation between the no-reflow phenomenon and diabetes mellitus type II and obesity and this conditions represent stong predictors of mortality.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common rhythm disorder worldwide, becoming epidemic. Heart failure (HF) is a life-threatening disease and addressing it should be a priority. In this paper, we analyse recent progress on the relationship between HF and AF. The interdependence between AF and HF has not been elucidated and therefore remains an area of interest for research. It is estimated that both the incidence of AF and HF will increase significantly in the next decades worldwide, there will be a significant problem for health systems in several countries. It remains imperative to urgently promote additional research on epidemiology, mechanisms and treatment of AF and HF.

Introduction. Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by global cardiac dilation associated with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction without valvar substrate or ischemic heart disease. Diagnosis of idiopathic DCM can only be sustained after excluding other nongenetic causes.Methods. This study was performed on a cohort of 256 patients who died in Emergency County Hospital of Oradea and had diagnosis of DCM; the study was performed on a period of 2 years, from January 2014 until the end of December 2015. These patients were differentiated according to social criteria, background, department of admission, number of autopsies and co-morbidities.Results and Discussion. Diagnosis of DCM was more common in male patients up to the age of 70; after this age the tendency is towards equalization. In patients aged 61-80 years, DCM played a major role in tanatogenesis. Existing clinical trials have shown that patients with idiopathic DCM have a lower mortality than patients with cardiac ischemic disease.Conclusions. Despite the possibility of diagnosis with increased sensitivity and the large number of therapeutic options, multicentre studies and registries are needed to improve the life expectancy of these patients.

Lung squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCIS) is the pre-invasive precursor lesion of lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Only half of these lesions progress to invasive cancer, while a third undergo spontaneous regression. The ability to predict the evolution of SCIS lesions can significantly impact the management of lung cancer patients. Here, we present the use of the deep learning (DL) approach in order to predict the progression of SCIS. The dataset consisted of 112 H&E stained whole slide images (WSI) that were obtained from the Image Data Resource public repository. The data set corresponded to tumors of patients who underwent biopsies of SCIS lesions and were subsequently followed up by bronchoscopy and CT to monitor for progression to SCC. We show that a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) can predict if a SCIS lesion will progress to SCC. The model achieved a per-tile AUC of 0.78 (SD = 0.01) on the test set, an F1 score of 0.84 (SD = 0.05), and a sensitivity of 0.94 (SD = 0.01). Class activation maps were created in order to explore how the DCNN made decisions. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that DL has the ability to predict the evolution of SCIS from H&E WSI. DL has the potential to be used as a low-cost method that could provide prognostic information for patients with preinvasive lesions.