An R-mode quartimax rotated factor matrix was applied to a statistical study of stream sediment geochemical data from Onyami drainage system within Igarra area in southwestern Nigeria. The area is underlain by the gneiss-migmatite complex, the low grade supracrustal schist belts and the Pan-African granitoids which intruded both the gneiss-migmatite complex and the supracrustal units. A four-factor model which accounts for 76.49% of the total variance of the stream sediment geochemical data was established. Factor 1 (Sc-Ga-V-La-Ni-Co-Ag-Bi-Sr-Pb-Hf-Nb-Cu-Cr) probably defines an underlying complex granitic lithology with contributions from mafic and ultramafic rocks. Factor 2 (Th-U) is attributable to a granitic lithology which reflects the parent rock as the influencing factor. Factor 3 (Mo-Nb-Zn) appears to define a minor sulphide mineralization associated with granitic rocks that intruded the schists and granite gneiss in the area. Factor 4 indicates the occurrence of gold and its pathfinder element, As, in the study area. This inference is consistent with the reported occurrence and mining of gold during the colonial era in Dagbala, which lies within the Onyami river catchment area.

Twenty (20) marble samples from Ubo and environs were analyzed both geochemically and statistically with the aim of determining their industrial applicability. The samples were subjected to AAS analysis. Findings revealed a fairly high-very high values of CaO (52.98wt%-82.18wt %) and low values of MgO (1.64wt%-6.95wt %). Other major oxide such as SiO2, FeO/Fe2O3, Na2O, K2O, Al2O3 and MnO2 had values below 2wt%. The multivariate analysis employed revealed a high correlation between CaO/Fe2O3, MgO/Al2O3 and FeO/CaO which is an indication of their fairly similar valencies and ionic values. The high lime content is connected to the shallow marine environment during deposition prior to metamorphism. The marbles are classified as the high calcite group and their industrial use range from the production of Portland cement to their use for ceramics.

Marble bodies occur in Ubo River Area as lenses of rocks. Seven (07) marble samples were obtained, analyzed and subjected to X-Ray Flourescence (XRF) analysis to determine both the major and trace elemental composition of the samples. The analysis revealed high CaO values (52.23-58.10 wt. %) and moderate values for SiO2 (7.50-10.43wt. %), fairly low values for Al2O3 (2.30 – 4.21 wt. %), Fe2O3 (2.62 – 5.15 wt. %), MgO (0.42 – 0.7 wt. %), MnO (0.01 – 0.06 wt. %), K2O (0.32 – 1.55 wt. %) and Na2O (0.01 – 0.03 wt. %), respectively. Variation plots involving Na2O/Al2O3 vs K2O/Al2O3 reveal sedimentary progenitors for the rocks. The fairly high SiO2 and low K2O content is an indication of the environment of deposition and may have been in a shallow marine environment with fair input of classic sediments into the system. The relatively high CaO content, moderate SiO2content and fairly low Al2O3 and Fe2O3 values indicates a fair degree of purity of the parent rock, hence its suitability as a raw material in the industrial sector. Keywords: Clastic, Deposition, Environment, Progenitor, Marble, Chemical

Gullies of the Awka-Orlu escarpment within Anambra State, Nigeria, were studied using hydrochemical and geological properties for understanding the geo-environmental problems which underlies the gully-prone areas. This was achieved by conducting fieldwork which includes mapping, hydrogeological surveys and samples collection, followed by laboratory analyses of soil and water samples. The soil samples were subjected to particle size analysis, compaction. Water samples were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer and titrimetric methods. The results of surface water and groundwater revealed pH average values of 5.99 and 6.3, indicating slightly acidic. Such slightly-acidic water facilitates decomposition of the cementing material in the soil. The chemical composition of surface water revealed average concentrations of magnesium (1.57 mg/l), calcium (3.40 mg/l), sodium (2.27 mg/l), chloride (22.28 mg/l), iron (0.38 mg/l), bicarbonates (37.85 mg/l), nitrate (4.73 mg/l), sulphate (3.81 mg/l), for groundwater magnesium (2.57 mg/l), calcium (3.50 mg/l), sodium (2.26 mg/l), chloride (15.09 mg/l), iron (0.23 mg/l), bicarbonates (25.46 mg/l), nitrate (11.61mg/l), sulphate (8.49mg/l) and total dissolved solid (TDS) average values of 63.16mg/ and 50.90mg/l. Using the cations and anions values to plot the piper trilinear diagram sodium bicarbonate (Na-HCO-3). This is attributed to geochemical reactions of ion-exchange and oxidation-reduction in the soil. These reactions contribute to soil disaggregation, erosion and destruction of engineering structures build to control gully erosion. water type was identified. The soil is permeable with good infiltration capacity. The investigations showed the vulnerability of the soil to gullying. These findings are important for any planned, well-designed and executed gully erosion control programmes.

Five (5) granitoid samples from Ojirami-Ogbo and Environs in Akoko-Edo area of southwestern Nigeria were obtained with the aim of determining their geochemical properties using the XRF and Xrd techniques. Results from the analysis revealed the presence of SiO2 (51.41-64.84%), Al2O3 (21.37-36.25%), Fe2O3 (5.89-8.02%), MgO (0.98-2.11%), K2O (0.02-0.97%) and Na2O (0.04-0.08%) all in wt%. Using the Al2O3 and SiO2 saturation schemes in classifying igneous rocks, sample two, three, four and five gave Al2O3 wt% values of 33.30%, 32.00%, 23.20%, 21.37% greater than the molars proportions of (Al2O3/CaO+Na2O+K2O) with values 22.54, 30.06, 22.10 and 14.07, and are peraluminous rocks while sample one had 36.25% and 43.10, respectively and is considered to be metaluminous. The SiO2 composition of the rocks ranges from 51.41-66.40% hence reveals a mafic to intermediate composition. The main felsic minerals from XrD analysis revealed the presence of quartz, alkali and plagioclase feldspars. Using the QAP diagram, the rocks fall within the granitoidal class.