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Perioperative communication failures endanger patient safety and may reduce efficiency. The objective of our phenomenological research study was to determine the reasons for and consequences of perioperative communication failures and to seek recommendations for improvement. Fourteen perioperative nurses participated in this study. We conducted in-depth interviews with a semi-structured questionnaire following Colaizzi's seven-step methodology to extract themes. We organized the themes into categories: causes, consequences, and recommendations for preventing communication failure. Some themes for causes were inadequate time for preoperative preparation, lack of personnel, and disruptive behaviors of physicians. Consequences of communication failure were decreased staff retention, avoidance of colleagues, threats to patient safety, and intra-team violence. Two recommendations included enforcing institutional regulations and creating team spirit. The study revealed that nurses believe that institutional regulations should not only be present but enforced. Further, nurses believe that strengthening employees' interpersonal skills is essential to preventing communication issues.care, caused perioperative communication to fail. Apker et al 29 determined that inadequate staffing caused setbacks in verbal communication, which threatened patient safety. It is repeatedly pointed out in the literature that staffing deficits and excessive workload pose a risk to patient safety and are generally identified as systemic problems. [30][31][32] In this study, nurses indicated that some of the causes of communication problems are related to the perioperative environment, which is consistent with the related literature. 5,11,17,33,34 The stress caused by the physical environment of ORs, which can be caused by standing for long periods of time, working in an enclosed and noisy environment, exposure to radiation, shift work, after-hours work for emergencies, prolonged operations, and delayed breaks, can result in tension among staff members and hindered communication. McMullan et al 33 found that during hand overs, interruption by other team members, questions irrelevant to the subject, and noise were the external factors that disturb communication. Cvetic 11 stated that perioperative care is known for frequently encountered communication failure because of its rapid and dynamic structure. Nagpal et al 5 reported that a stressful work environment and inadequate support lead to frequent turnover of health care workers (ie, surgeons, anesthesia providers, and nurses), which causes environment-related communication problems. Clayton et al 17 underlined that effective communication is vital in perioperative environments because the perioperative environment is stressful, technically complex, and has an intense hierarchy. Davies 34 also pointed out the necessity of a culture of effective communication in perioperative care. Clayton et al 17 defined the constituents of effective communication as effective listening, clear and understandab...

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The COVID-19 pandemic is compounding the distress of millions of refugees (made up of displaced persons, forced migrants, refugees and asylum seekers) throughout the world. This discursive paper pitches a challenge for the global nursing profession, within the multidisciplinary context, to consider its collective agency in responding to the health and well-being needs of a priority portion of the global population. Nursing leaders are encouraged to renew their commitment to the International Council of Nurses' Code of Ethics and consider the role of their profession in assisting global refugees, because the extent of present need has become an escalating major global humanitarian crisis. The nursing profession comprises half the world's healthcare workforce. The World Health Organization considers that nurses play a fundamental role in ensuring access to universal healthcare as a basic human right, addressing the global need for health promotion care, disease prevention and primary and community healthcare (International Council of Nurses, The ICN code of ethics for nurses; 2012). It is a human right to seek asylum from persecution, and in doing so, people should not be subjected to cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment or circumstances.Nurses are increasingly interested in fostering a healthy and adaptive environment in which people can thrive, despite personal, political, emotional, physical or social adversity. Nursing care is indispensable for the easement of human distress and for the promotion of comfort and coping. Nurses have an essential role in advocating for policies that will enhance immigrants' access to health/mental health services and address barriers irrespective of migrant/refugee/asylum seeker status. These are challenging times as the world responds to the pandemic crisis, and nurses are called to rise to global and local leadership roles and join with other health and social care colleagues in addressing the universal human health, social and political crisis of our time. The global nursing collective must come to terms with the need to initiate additional compelling ways to improve and integrate health and social care processes so that nursing care, mental health and social care augment a holistic achievement of appropriate care for refugees.

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