Recently, the increasing competition in higher education has attracted attention by many researchers. They have emphasized that the aim of the growing competition between universities is to increase the number of students, the research performance and get research support, find qualified faculty members, and receive financial contributions. This paper aims to draw attention to "research performance" which is a significant part of the competition among the universities. In connection with this goal, the study tries to outline the results of an extensive literature review in the field of higher education research performance. Firstly, literature regarding research performance, its definition as a concept, and its indicators are discussed. Then, the factors influencing research performance are presented in a comprehensive manner. At the end of the study, a conceptual framework that will be useful for all university staff is provided. Understanding the concept of research performance and the factors affecting research performance can help relevant authorities improve their current positions. Keywords: Higher education, Research performance, Measurements, Factors, Conceptual framework ÖzYükseköğretim alanında artan rekabet son yıllarda birçok akademisyenin ilgi odağı haline gelmiştir. Konu ile ilgili yapılan araştırmalar, bu rekabetin özellikle, öğrenci sayısı ve araştırma performansını artırma, araştırma fonu elde etme, nitelikli öğretim görevlileri bulma ve kurum için elde edilebilecek finansal destekler üzerine olduğunu vurgulamıştır. Bu çalışmada üniversiteler arasındaki rekabetin önemli bir parçası olan 'araştırma performansı' konusuna dikkat çekilmiş ve kavrama yönelik geniş bir literatür taraması yapılmıştır. İlgili yazın, ilk olarak, kavramı açıklayan tanımlamalar ve kavramın ölçütleriyle birlikte ortaya konulmuş; ardından, araştırma performansını etkileyen faktörler kapsamlı bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda ise 'araştırma performansı' ile ilgili kavramsal bir çerçeve elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu kavramsal çerçevenin, üniversiteler arası rekabetin önemli bir parçası olan 'araştırma performansı' kavramının her yönüyle anlaşılmasına ve böylelikle konuyla ilgili olan tüm yetkililerin mevcut durumlarını daha iyi hale getirebilmesine katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Yükseköğretim, Araştırma performansı, Ölçümler, Faktörler, Kavramsal çerçeve Oya TAMTEKİN AYDIN ())
The relationship between local and international students has become one of the most important topics in the literature on the internationalization of education; however, these discussions have focused mainly on Western countries and on the perspectives of students who are from similar home countries. The views of students who choose to study abroad in Turkey offer different perspectives. Forty-two international and 35 local students enrolled at Istanbul Bilgi University participated in the study. No students reported an absence of relationships between local and international students; no international participants mentioned loneliness, exclusion, or isolation, even though these concepts appear in many studies of students in Western countries. All students who reported having poor relationships with other groups identified the language barrier as the main cause, and introversion in both local and international students may have prevented meaningful relationships.
I In recent years, the environment of higher education has dramatically changed. For a long time, higher education was regarded as a luxury rather than a necessity (Gonchar, 1995;Tansel and Bircan, 2006). Many people even considered higher education as an elitist activity. Over the course of time, as people clearly observed the importance of higher education, the demand for it increased exponentially. To meet an increasing social demand for higher education, the inabilities of state universities have led to the establishment of private and foundation universities (Ayd›n, 2014).In such a dynamic environment, students are now carefully choosing their higher education institution. However, as there are many alternatives, the university choice process is highly complicated for candidates. In addition, the increase in alternatives has resulted in growing competition among universities (Lindong, 2007;Marginson, 2006;Sabir, Ahmad, Ashraf, and Derleme / Literature Review www.yuksekogretim.org Yüksekö¤retim alan›nda artan rekabet, son y›llarda birçok akademik çal›flmaya konu olmufltur. Bu konuda yap›lan araflt›rmalarda, genellikle, yüksek-ö¤retim kurumlar› aras›ndaki rekabetin, ö¤renci say›s›n› ve araflt›rma fonla-r›n› artt›rmak, nitelikli ö¤retim görevlileri bulmak ve mali kaynaklar elde etmek üzerine oldu¤u vurgulanm›flt›r. Bu çal›flma ile üniversiteler aras›ndaki rekabetin önemli bir parças› olan "ö¤renci say›s›ndaki art›fl" konusuyla ba¤-lant›l› olarak, yüksekö¤retime aday ö¤renciler için zor ve önemli bir dönem olan üniversite seçim sürecine odaklan›lm›flt›r. Makalede, konuyla ilgili ya-z›n olabildi¤ince ayr›nt›l› bir flekilde taranm›flt›r. ‹lk olarak, aday ö¤rencilerin üniversite seçim karar›, "ekonomik modeller, sosyolojik modeller, karma modeller ve pazarlama yaklafl›m›" bafll›klar› alt›nda dört modelle aç›klanm›flt›r. Ard›ndan, süreçte etkili olan dokuz ana faktör (referans gruplar›, aileler, üniversitenin ünü ve özellikleri, kiflisel faktörler, üniversitenin yeri, mezuniyet sonra-s› ifl bulma olas›l›¤›, üniversitenin ücreti, üniversitenin sa¤lad›¤› burs imkânlar› ve üniversite hakk›nda bilgi toplan›lan kaynaklar) modellerden ba¤›ms›z olarak ortaya konulmufltur. Çal›flman›n sonunda ilgili yaz›n temel al›narak kavramsal bir çerçeve elde edilmifltir. Elde edilen bu kavramsal çerçevenin, ö¤renci say›lar›n› artt›rmak için izleyecekleri politikalar ve gelifltirecekleri stratejiler konusunda, üniversite yöneticilerine yard›mc› olmas› beklenmektedir.
The purpose of this study is to find the Impact of Theory X, Theory Y and Theory Z on research performance of Foundation University members in Turkey on the number of articles published in Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index. The study was conducted on 101 academics in a Turkish Foundation University. The following results are obtained from the study: i) The perception of academics on the effect of Theory X management style which assumes that people dislike work and will avoid it if possible and most people must be "coerced, controlled, directed, and threatened with punishment to get them" to work on research performance is negative ii) The perception of academics on the effect of Theory Y management style which assumes that the people they supervise are as committed to work and as capable of finding solutions to work-related problems as they are themselves (McGregor, Douglas, 1960) and Theory Y managers also assume that people inherently prefer to work rather than not to work on research performance is positive. iii) The perception of academics on the effect of Theory Z management style which thinks workers will be participating in the decisions of the company to a great degree, one author is careful to point out that the employees must be very knowledgeable about the various issues of the company, as well as possessing the competence to make those decisions on research performance is positive.
Amidst the increasingly competitive environment in the field of higher education, world ranking systems have gained more research attention in recent years. In this article, the main objectives are to attract attention of especially Turkish academics and policy makers to university ranking systems in the world and to show the overall position of Turkish universities in these ranking systems. With this aim, the major rankings were specially examined in terms of their measurements from the original websites of them. As a result of this review, the position of Turkish universities among the top 500 universities in these rankings over a six-year period are determined from 2011 to 2016; then, obtained data through the original websites of these ranking systems and the reports of the URAP are compiled and presented in tables. Two issues can be observed from the study: research performance is one of the major indicators used in all world ranking systems, and the overall position of Turkish universities in such rankings is not very good. This article can help all staff in academia provide the better understand the goals, importance and measurements of ranking systems and Turkish Universities' position in these rankings. Thus, the study tries to create awareness about the need of improving their position. After this paper, the further research is likely to examine the concept of research performance as an important criterion of determining the universities' position in the major world rankings to obtain a broad and comprehensive perspective. ÖzYükseköğrenim alanında giderek artan rekabetçi ortam etkisiyle son yıllarda üniversite sıralama sistemleri üzerine olan araştırmalar oldukça önem kazandı. Bu makale, özellikle Türkiye'deki akademisyenlerin ve bu konuda söz sahibi yöneticilerin, uluslararası üniversite sıralama sistemleri üzerine dikkatlerini çekmeyi ve Türk üniversitelerinin bu sıralamalardaki konumunu ortaya koymayı amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, dünyadaki en önemli sıralama sistemleri kendi internet sitelerinden özellikle ölçütleri açısından incelenmiştir. Bu inceleme sonucunda, 2011'den başlayarak 2016 yılına kadar 6 yıllık bir dönemde üniversitelerimizin bu sıralamalarda ilk 500'deki yeri, her sıralama sisteminin orijinal web sitesinden ve URAP raporlarından elde edilen veriler derlenerek tablolar halinde sunulmuştur. Bu çalışma sonucunda özellikle iki bulgu dikkate değer bulunmuştur. Birincisi, incelenen altı sıralama sisteminde de araştırma performansının ne denli önemli bir ölçüt olduğu; ikincisi ise üniversitelerimizin bu sıralamalarda çok da iyi bir pozisyonda olmadığıdır. Bu araştırma, akademiyle ilgilenen tüm paydaşlara üniversite sıralama sistemlerinin amaçlarını, önemini, ölçütlerini göstermeyi ve üniversitelerimizin uluslararası sıralamalardaki konumunu anlamaları hususunda onlara yardımcı olmayı hedeflemiştir. Böylelikle, çalışmanın, üniversitelerimizin konumunun iyileştirilmesinin gerekliliği hususunda bir farkındalık oluşturması beklenmektedir. Bir sonraki araştırmamızda, birçok sıralama sist...
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