Simultaneous existence of parathyroid adenoma and thyroid nonmedullary carcinoma is rarely observed. A 52-year-old female was diagnosed approximately 4 years ago with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) on the basis of hypercalcemia and elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level. Clinically, PHPT diagnosed patient was examined with Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphy to investigate parathyroid adenoma. Early Tc-99m MIBI images showed focal focused enhanced activity retention on both thyroid left lobe upper pole and thyroid lower pole inferior neighborhood. However, late images indicated thyroid activity washout and persistence of activity on left lobe lower pole. The observed lesion on left lobe lower pole neighborhood was identified as parathyroid adenoma. One-day thyroid scintigraphy was also conducted to correlate enhanced activity retention on the left lobe upper pole. Results on thyroid scintigraphy showed hypoactivity, and thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology process was suggested from the nodule. Simultaneous existence of parathyroid adenoma and thyroid nonmedullary carcinoma is rarely observed. Diagnosis and treatment of hyperparathyroidism is crucial during preoperative period. Even observed rarely, parathyrotoxicosis diagnosed patients can develop thyroid cancer along with parathyroid adenoma.

A symptomatic joint involvement and arthralgia are frequent in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, HCV infection-related arthritis (HCVrA) affects up to 4-11% of the subjects suffering from disease. We reported a patient with HCVrA presented with the commonly accepted diagnostic clinical signs and laboratory parameters. The painful joints distinctly demonstrated increased uptake of Tc-99 m methylene diphosphonate in scintigraphy and normal findings in radiography.

In this study, we compared the patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG), followed by revascularization by coronary artery stent implantation according to the CAG results without any evidence of ischemia with myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS), and the patients who underwent revascularization by coronary artery stent implantation following the detection of ischemia in MPS before CAG in terms of the mortality and hospitalization due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Between January 2009 and January 2016, a total of 407 patients (52% males, 48% females; mean age: 66 ± 9 years; range: 40–85 years) who underwent CAG following diagnosis of stable angina and underwent coronary artery stenting were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 200) included those who had MPS before CAG and in whom ischemia was detected and stent was implanted, and Group 2 (n = 207) included those who had stent implantation according to the CAG results without prior MPS. The mean follow-up was 40 ± 18 months. Although there was no significant difference in the mortality rates between the groups, the rate of hospitalization due to ACS was significantly lower in Group 1 (P = 0.112 vs. P = 0.022, respectively). According to the multivariate Cox-regression analysis, demonstration of ischemia in MPS before revascularization, statin use, clopidogrel use, and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were found to be associated with a reduced risk of ACS-related hospitalization, whereas the presence of diabetes mellitus and smoking was found to be associated with an increased risk of ACS-related hospitalization.

Lung pathologies associated with pleural thickening are presented along with similar clinical and radiological findings. The present study highlights the importance of the differential diagnosis verification of patients with pleural thickening. Video-assisted thoracoscophic surgery (VATS) is one of the most common diagnostic and therapeutic method used for this purpose. In this study, we aim to deliver our clinical investigation results on patients diagnosed with pleural pathology in the light of recent literature. Method: In this study, data of 40 patients that were applied single-port VATS pleural biopsy in our clinic between May 2012 and June 2014 were retrospectively assessed. Thoracic CT and pathology results were compared. Clinical diagnosis, radiologic findings, and biopsy results were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The average age of the patients is 59.15 ±12.13 (age range 23, 82). There was an environmental exposure to asbestos in 14 patients (35%). Twenty-five patients (62.5%) were followed-up with the diagnosis of mesothelioma with clinical and radiological findings, 8 patients (20%) of tuberculosis, 4 patients (10%) of pleural metastasis and 3 patients (7.5 %) of pleuritis. Histopathologically 8 patients (20%) were diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma, 1 patient (2.5 %) was localized fibrous tumor, 2 patients were (5%) diagnosed with reactive mesothelial hyperplasia, 6 patients (15%) were malignant epithelial tumor metastasis, 16 patients (40%) were fibrinous pleuritis, 6 patients (15%) were chronic granulomatous inflammation, and 1 patient (2.5%) was chronic lymphocytic inflammation. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates insufficiency of thoracic CT for diagnosis and differential diagnosis due to similar clinical and radiological findings associated with pathological pleural thickening. Histopathologic examination is required for diagnosis. However, thoracic CT is still a method of radiographic imaging that is actively used in determination of pleural biopsy position, evaluation, and clinical monitoring of response to treatment.

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