From a global perspective, the universality of gender-related societal issues is particularly significant. Although gender inequality is considered a sociological problem, the large number of female victims in disasters warrants an assessment of disaster management sciences. In this article, related concepts are discussed based on their relevance sociologically and in disaster management to develop a common terminology and examine this complex topic, which is rooted in different social profiles and anthropological heterogeneity throughout the world. A brief history is discussed, and significant examples are provided from different disasters in Turkey to illustrate why a woman-oriented approach should be adopted when evaluating concepts of gender inequality. Observations of disasters have shown that it is important to apply international standards (humanitarian charter and minimum disaster response standards), especially during periods of response and rehabilitation. Relevant factors related to gender should be included in these standards, such as women’s health and hygiene, which will be discussed in more detail. A woman-based approach is designed in relation to two aspects: risks and resources. Thus, gender-sensitive methods of mitigating and preventing disasters are provided. The main purpose of the article is to contribute to the development of a universal culture that prioritizes gender in disaster management.

Earthquake Hazard of Marmara and Environs Discussion of the disaster management in our country begins after 1992 Erzincan and 1995 Dinar Earthquakes. These earthquakes, which are described "city earthquakes" because of their epicentre, fault characteristics and effects, required radical changing about disaster and disaster management. There is an order about generation of the earthquakes in the world and also our country. Turkey and its surrounding area have an order which is explained by plate tectonics and proved by lots of investigations. The Marmara Region contains nearly 45% of industry of the country. That high-grade industry is directly related to sub-industry on Anatolia. Considering 50 % of total taxes of country are obtaining by this region, the risk of possible Marmara Earthquakes is crucial from the point of national economy. The material damage is expected between 30-50 billion dollars by experts. Until 17 August 1999 Gölcük Earthquake, the measurement-based fault investigations about The Marmara Sea are made fairly few. After 17 August 1999 Gölcük and 12 November Düzce Earthquakes, important data about tectonic structure of the Marmara Sea are acquired by the investigations, especially seismic studies. The North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) continues down the road towards west on the Marmara Sea by several earthquakes, magnitude is at least one of them more than 7. The precautions about the NAFZ's these processes which can be called "Marmara Phase" are inadequate in generally.

SUMMARY Earthquake Hazard of Marmara and Environs