Increasing evidence suggests that the postprandial state is a contributing factor to the development of atherosclerosis. To evaluate the effects of acute hyperglycemia on the oxidative stress, concentrations of serum-oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n=35), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (n=25), and diabetic glucose tolerance (DGT) (n=20). In NGT group, the 2 hours' TBARS and oxLDL levels were not statistically different when compared to baseline, and 2 hours' PON1 activities were higher when compared to baseline (p<0.01). Subjects with IGT and DGT have higher 2 hours' serum TBARS and oxLDL levels than their baseline levels (p<0.01, for each). Baseline oxLDL levels of both IGT and DGT groups were higher than NGT group (p<0.01 and p<0.01, respectively). While there were not any significant differences in 2 hours' versus baseline PON1 activities in the IGT group, the 2 hours' versus baseline PON1 activities in the DGT group were significantly lower (p<0.01). The postchallenge 2 hours' PON1 activities of both IGT and DGT groups were lower than NGT group (p<0.01 and p<0.01, respectively). Baseline oxLDL was positively correlated with 2 hours' glucose (r=0.613, p<0.01) in IGT and DGT groups. PON1 activities were correlated with HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and fasting glucose (r=0.680, r=0.698 and r=0.431, respectively, for each p<0.01) in NGT. In conclusion, oxidative stress occurs at an early stage in diabetes, and protective effects of HDL against atherosclerosis may be dependent on the PON1 activities.

Background/AimsAcute coronary syndrome (ACS) is characterized by increased inflammatory processes and endothelial activation. We investigated the association between ACS and inflammatory mediators and matrix-degrading enzymes.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 55 consecutive patients with ACS: 25 with unstable angina (UA) and 30 with non-ST elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). For comparison, 25 age- and sex-matched subjects with no significant coronary artery stenosis were included as the control group. Peripheral serum levels of interleukin (IL)-33, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, tissue inhibitor of MMP-1, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured on admission, and at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the initial evaluation.ResultsCompared to serum levels in the control group, serum levels of IL-33 decreased in the NSTEMI group (p < 0.05), and levels of MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 increased in the UA group (p < 0.01, p < 0.05, respectively) and NSTEMI group (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). IL-33 levels were significantly lower on admission than at 12 hours after the initial evaluation (p < 0.05). IL-33 levels were negatively correlated with MMP-9 levels (r = -0.461, p < 0.05) and CRP levels (r = -0.441, p < 0.05).ConclusionsElevated levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1, and decreased levels of IL-33 play a role in the development and progression of ACS.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of parameters for glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors and apelin-36 in patients grouped as having impaired fasting glucose(IFG), IFG and impaired glucose tolerance(IGT), newly diagnosed type 2 DM and the control group. Materials and Methods: Fifty-three women and twentyseven men, totally eighty subjects were enrolled in this study. The patients were classified into four groups according to their oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results. Group1: Normoglycemic controls(n:20), Group2: subjects with IFG(n:20), Group3: combined IFG subjects which included both IFG and IGT patients(n:20), Group4: Newly diagnosed type 2 DM patients(n:20). Levels of glucose, lipids, HbA1c, fibrinogen, insulin, cortisol, serum apelin-36 and C-peptide were analyzed. Results: There was a statistically significant difference regarding the levels of apelin-36 between group 1 and the study groups 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Other parameters analyzed for glucose metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors such as fasting glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, fibrinogen, insulin, cortisol, C-peptide, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol were significantly higher in the study groups when compared to the control group. Conclusion:In the future serum apelin-36 levels can be used as an indicator for presenting the insulin resistance and impairment in glucose metabolism in the early periods. Amaç: Bu çalışmada, açlık glukozu (IFG), bozulmuş glukoz toleransı (IGT) ve yeni tanı almış tip 2 DM olarak gruplandırılmış hastalarda; glukoz metabolizması ve kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri parametreleri ve apelin-36 düzeylerini araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.. Gereç ve Yöntem: Elli üç kadın ve yirmi yedi erkek, toplam seksen katılımcı bu çalışmaya dahil edildi. Orak glükoz tolerans testi (OGTT) sonuçlarına göre hastalar dört gruba ayrıldı. Grup 1: Normoglisemik kontroller (n: 20), Grup2: IFG'li hastalar (n: 20), Grup3: IFG ve IGT'li hastalar (n: 20), Grup4: Yeni tanı almış tip 2 DM hastaları (n: 20). Glikoz, lipidler, HbA1c, fibrinojen, insülin, kortizol, C-peptid ve Apelin-36 seviyeleri analiz edildi. Bulgular: Apelin-36 düzeylerinde grup 1 ile çalışma grupları 2,3 ve 4 arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark vardı). Glukoz metabolizması ve kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri için analiz edilen açlık glukozu, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, fibrinojen, insülin, kortizol, C-peptid, LDL-kolesterol, HDL-kolesterol, VLDL-kolesteroll, triglisterit, total kolesterol gibi parametreler çalışma grubu ile kontrol grubu karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı bir fark bulundu Sonuç: Gelecekte serum apelin-36 düzeylerinin erken dönemlerde glukoz metabolizma bozukluğunu ve insülin direncini göstermek için bir belirteç olarak kullanılabileceğini düşünüyoruz.