Objective To compare the staging accuracy of transResults Endorectal coil MRI was more sensitive than TRUS for detecting both ECE, SVI and the site of ECE rectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and endorectal magnetic resonance imaging (eMRI) for organ-confined involvement in organ-confined prostatic carcinoma. TRUS was more accurate than eMRI for detecting the prostatic carcinoma. Patients and methods Twenty-five patients with clinisite of SVI involvement. However, the overall staging accuracy rates for both imaging modalities were equal. cally confined prostatic adenocarcinoma were evaluated to be candidates for radical prostatectomy. AllConclusions Neither TRUS nor eMRI was significantly better than the other for determining the local extent underwent TRUS and eMRI before surgery. Imaging findings evaluated prospectively in each patient of prostatic carcinoma. Therefore, TRUS should be the study of choice until MRI technology improves suBcwere extracapsular extension (ECE), seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) and the site of involvement. The results iently in the preoperative staging of localized prostate cancer. of the imaging techniques were compared with the histopathological findings. As two patients with Keywords Prostate cancer, transrectal ultrasonography, MRI, staging, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy metastatic lymph nodes (detected on frozen-section examination during surgery) were spared radical prostatectomy, the final evaluation included 23 patients.localized prostate cancer [5][6][7]. In an eCort to establish
zetVe (DAB/DVB-T) standartlarinda kullanilmakta ve Amerika'da Ozetce yulksek hizli sayisal abone hatti (DSL) modemlerine ba*arili Bu bildiride, tek ta*iyicili (Single Carrier, SC) ve ,ok ta*iyicili bir ,ekilde uygulanmaktadir. Son gulnlerde, IEEE802. 1 la ve (Multi Carrier, MC) sistemler i,in, frekans-se,ici Rayleigh Hiperlan/2 standartlarinda belirtildigi gibi [2] sayisal kablolu sonuimlu! kanallarda kullanilan kanal denkle,tiricilerin kanal televizyon sistemleri ve kablosuz yerel alan aglar i,in de izleme ba*arimlari incelenmi,tir. Doppler frekans kaymasinin onerilmektedir. farkli degerleri i,in, her iki sistemin ba*arimlari Cok yollu yayilim nedeniyle alinan i,arette ,ok derin kar*ila*tirilmi*tir. SC sistemler i,in zamanla degi,en sonumlenmeler meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu derin kanallarda, klasik-LMS-DFE'nin kanal izleme yetenegi sonumlenmeler tek ta*iyicili sistemlerde ileti,imin kesilmesine arzulanan ba*arimi saglayamadigindan, Bulanik Mantik esasli neden olurken, OFDM sisteminde birka, alt-ta*iyicinin LMS (B-LMS) algoritmasi onerilmektedir. Onerilen B-LMS sonulmlenmeye ugramasi durumunda ileti,im algoritmasi LMS'in hesaplama karma*ikligini yok denecek sulrdulrullebilmektedir. Ancak, bu sirada, bazi alt-ta*iyicilar ,ok kadar az arttirmakta ve kanal izleme ba*arimi RLS fazla zayifladiklari i,in kurtarilamamakta ve dolayisiyla da algoritmasina yakin olmaktadir. SC sistemlerde klasik LMS, ta*idiklari bilgi kaybolmaktadir. Bunun sonucunda da sistemin Normalize LMS, Degi,tirilmi, LMS, Degi,ken Adim ba*arimi du,smektedir. OFDM'de bilgi sembolleri alt Bulyulklulklul LMS-DFE ile B-LMS-DFE ve klasik-RLS-DFE ta*iyicilara yulklenerek gonderildiginden, verici ile alici algoritmalarini kullanan ve MC (OFDM) sistemlerde de arasindaki frekans farkliliklari ile Doppler etkisine ve bunlarin frekans bolgesi kanal denkle,tiriciyi kullanan bilgisayar neden oldugu alt-ta*iyici frekans kaymasina (CFO) duyarlidir benzetimleri yapildi. Elde edilen ve kar*ila*tirilan sonu,lar [1]. Bolum 5'te verilmektedir. SC sistemler, ardi*il olarak bultuln data sembollerini gondermek i,in tek ta*iyici frekansi kullanir. Radyo kanalinda Abstract ,cok yollu yayilma semboller arasi giri,ime (ISI) neden olur. In this paper, the channel tracking performances of channel ISI seviyesine bagli olarak radyo baglantisi (link) onemli equalizers for Single (SC) and Multi Carrier (MC) systems in derecede bozulur. ISI'in etkilerini gidermek i,in alicida kanal frequency selective Rayleigh fading channels are denkle,tirici kullanilir. SC sistemler, frekans kaymalarina ve investigated. The performances of both systems for different faz gulrulltulsulne OFDM sistemlerinden daha az duyarlidirlar. values of Doppler frequency offset are compared. Since the SC sistemlerde paket boyu dinamik olarak desired performance cannot be achieved by channel tracking ayarlanabildiginden, hem ku,cuk hem de buyuk paketler i,in capacity of LMS-DFE in time varying channels for SC yulksek iletim verimliligi saglarlar. systems, a fuzzy logic based LMS (F-LMS) algorithm has Kablosuz haber...
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