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Studies were conducted at Adana, in the Çukurova region of southern Turkey, to evaluate the effects of the rate and timing of application of soil‐applied potassium (K) on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in 1999 and 2000. Potassium rates of 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg K2O ha−1 were soil‐applied in single treatments (all at early boll development) or in split treatments (1/2 at first square and 1/2 at first white flower; 1/4 at first square, 1/4 at first white flower and 1/2 at early boll development). Data collected in the two years indicated that application of 160 kg K2O ha−1 produced significant differences in seed‐cotton yield, lint yield and boll weight compared with the untreated control. The best combination producing the greatest yield was application of 160 kg K2O ha−1 with all of the K soil‐applied at early boll development. Cotton yields did not respond to K fertilization above the rate of 160 kg K2O ha−1 under the production practices typically found in the region. For application of K at a rate of 240 kg K2O ha−1 there was a marked difference in fibre strength between years in this study, but micronaire and uniformity ratio were not different amongst K rates within each year. When the total amount of K was applied at early boll development, higher yields, boll weights and lint turnouts were obtained compared with split applications, but the single application did not have a large impact on fibre properties.

Oilseed crops are considered as one of the most essential dietary components in human consumption as well as animal feed. While drought is one of the most important abiotic stress that adversely effect on the yield and nutritional quality of major oilseed crops across the globe. Therefore, maintenance of nutritional quality in such crops under drought stress may offer good opportunities to

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