No abstract

-In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of Nosema spp. in honeybees of Turkey. For this aim, adult honeybee (Apis mellifera ) samples were collected from 1621 colonies within 95 apiaries located in 22 provinces of Turkey. Samples were examined microscopically. In case of positivity, spore identification was done by multiplex PCR. At the end of microscopic examination, Nosema spp. spores were detected in 7 out of 22 provinces (31.8 %), and 16 out of 95 colonies (16.8 %) that represent 1621 colonies. According to PCR results, 1 out of 16 isolates (6.25 %) was Nosema apis , and 15 out of 16 isolates (93.75 %) were Nosema ceranae . The result of our study indicated that N.ceranae is the dominant species in Turkey.Nosema apis / Nosema ceranae / Multiplex PCR / Turkey

The aim of this study was to determine diagnostic value of cELISA in anaplasmosis in clinically suspected animals and to compare the cELISA results with the clinical examination results. For this purpose a total of 720 ruminants (457 cattle, 146 sheep, 117 goat) were examined in terms of clinical signs. Eighty-eight ruminants consisting of 61 cattle, 11 sheep and 16 goat which had the symptoms of anemia, fever, icterus, weakness, depression and lack of appetite were selected for the study. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of all clinically suspected animals and serum samples were separated. A commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA) kit was used for determine antibodies to Anaplasma species. cELISA based diagnosis revealed that 47 of 88 serum samples (53.4%) were positive for anaplasmosis. In serological examination Anaplasma specific antibodies were determined in 45.9% of cattle, 63.6% of sheep and 56.2% of goats. Seropositivity rate was statistically differ among the age groups of cattle and the highest seropositvity rate was found in <12 month age (P<0.005). However no difference was found in the seropositivity rate of Anaplasma in sheep and goat in relation to age group. From the data obtained in this study it can be concluded that clinical findings are not sufficient criteria for the diagnosis of anaplasmosis and must be supported by serological examination.

In this study, a total of 19866 samples which were collected from humans who applied to the hospitals with tick bites in the western part of Turkey (Bursa) between the years 2007 and 2011 (from February to November) were examined. Approximately 10% (1985) of samples were found as non-ticks like bee stings, lice, fleas and other arthropods. The ticks were identified as Rhipicephalus spp. (72.98%), Ixodes spp. (18.96%), Hyalomma spp. (7.18%), Dermacentor marginatus (0.027%) and Haemaphysalis parva (0.005%). Based on localities, majority of the tick samples were reported from the urbanized areas (81%). Especially, Ixodes spp. species were commonly found in highland and forestry areas of Bursa. Keywords: Tick infestation, Prevalence, Human İnsanlarda Kene Enfestasyonları Üzerine Uzun Süreli Araştırmalar ÖzetBu çalışmada Türkiye'nin batısında (Bursa) 2007 Şubat -2011 Kasım yılları arasında kene tutunması vakasıyla hastaneye başvuran insanlardan toplanan 19866 örnek incelenmiştir. Toplanan örneklerin yaklaşık %10 (1985) kadarının kene olmadığı; arı iğnesi, bit, pire ve diğer artropodlar olduğu görülmüştür. Tür teşhisi yapılan kenelerin %72.98'u Rhipicephalus spp., %18.96'sı Ixodes spp, %7.18'sı Hyalomma spp., %0.027'si Dermacentor marginatus ve %0.005'inin Haemaphysalis parva olduğu teşhis edildi. Kene örneklerinin %81'inin şehir kökenli olduğu ve özellikle Ixodes türü kenelerin Bursa'nın ormanlık alanlarında sıklıkla görüldüğü ortaya çıkarılmıştır.

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infections in rural areas of Bursa Province, where vector ticks and blood-sucking flies are commonly found. In total, 150 blood samples were collected from people living in four different locations where vector ticks are common, and 45 blood samples were collected from people living in non-tick-infested areas. Giemsastained blood smears were prepared from the blood samples and examined by light microscopy. The blood samples were also serologically examined using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). One sample (0.7%) from a patient with a tick bite history was positive, as determined by the IFAT; however, the same sample was negative when its Giemsa-stained smear was examined. The co-seroprevalence of A. phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi was not observed.