Spiritism reached the Ottoman Empire very quickly via the European and Levantine communities in Istanbul in the 1850s. At the outset of 1910, spiritism had become a very popular topic in the press. Spiritist publishing burst in Ottoman Turkish is connected to the environment of a more or less liberal press in the aftermath of the Young Turk revolution of 1908. As was the case in the history of spiritism elsewhere, in the Ottoman Empire reactions against spiritism came mainly from two intellectual circles: the positivistic (or scientific and materialist) ones and the non-positivistic (or religious-spiritual and anti-materialist) ones. Besides, all this spiritist, para-spiritist and anti-spiritist publishing activity involved a respective translation activity into Ottoman Turkish, which enhanced cultural transfer processes.
This article examines an eminent Ottoman journalist's writings on urbanism. Ebüzziya Tevfik, a polyvalent intellectual of the late Ottoman Empire, was a pioneer in the field of printing and was also known as a prolific writer. In the aftermath of the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, he penned some 26 articles on urbanism. This corpus reflects Ebüzziya Tevfik's perception of urbanism as a question of civilisation.
Les études ottomanes s’enrichissent ces dernières années de questionnements inédits issus de nouvelles perspectives adoptées. Depuis la fin des années 1990, la tentative de quelques éminents historiens d’intégrer l’histoire de l’Empire ottoman au domaine des études dites postcoloniales a ainsi produit une certaine littérature scientifique. Il s’agit d’une tournure historiographique récente qui met au centre de sa réflexion le « colonialisme ottoman » et son corollaire discursif l’« orientalisme ottoman » qui seraient apparus dans les dernières décennies du XIX e et auraient été consolidés au début du XX e siècle. Il s’agit d’une vision du monde apparue dans la seconde moitié du XIX e siècle chez les membres de la bureaucratie centrale qui mettent en place un discours de différence à l’égard des peuples habitant dans les provinces périphériques de l’empire. Cet article présente brièvement les hypothèses de cette littérature pour en proposer une lecture critique.
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