Ethnomathematics is a field of mathematical ideas and activities that are embedded in the cultural contexts of societies. The present study aimed to examine the ethnomathematics activities designed by pre-service mathematics teachers in terms of the pre-service teacher variable, the implementation of the designed activities in the classroom environment in terms of the pre-service, the in-service teachers and student variables and to determine pre-service and in-service teachers' awareness of ethnomathematics, their prior learning of ethnomathematics and their use of ethnomathematics in professional life. In this qualitative research study, the multiple case study was utilized. The participants of the study were 28 pre-service teachers, 71 students and 2 in-service teachers. The data collection tools of the study were the activities designed by the preservice teachers, the questionnaires administered to the in-service teachers and students, the semi-structured interviews held with the pre-service teachers and the researchers' field notes. The data collection process of the research was carried out in three phases consisting of preparation, design and implementation. The designed activities were analyzed in terms of the curriculum (related topics, prior learning) and use of material, and the data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed by creating codes and categories according to the characteristics of the questions in the questionnaire. The fact that there are too many geometric elements in the Turkish culture, a limited number of studies in the field of ethnomathematics, an insufficient number of books, and individual characteristics of the pre-service teachers have influenced the design process of the activity. It was revealed that the activity implementation process had some advantages, such as increasing students' interest in the lesson, making the class enjoyable, and enabling the teaching of cultural elements, as well as a disadvantage in terms of classroom management. The design of the ethnomathematics activities and their implementation in the classroom environment increased the pre-service and in-service teachers' awareness of the relationship between culture and mathematics. In the questionnaires, pre-service and in-service teachers stated that they wanted to use ethnomathematics activities in their professional lives. Similarly, the students indicated that they wanted to do similar activities related to culture in mathematics lessons.

Bu çalışmada 2015-2019 yılları arasında matematik eğitimi alanında yayınlanan ölçek geliştirme ve uyarlama makalelerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. İçerik analizi yöntemi ile yürütülen araştırmada Türkiye’de eğitim alanında yayınlanan 25 dergide yer alan 28 ölçek geliştirme ve 16 ölçek uyarlama makalesi “Değerlendirme Formu” kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Ölçek geliştirme ve ölçek uyarlama sürecine dair örneklem seçim yöntemi, kayıp veriler gibi birçok noktada detaylı bilgi ve raporlama eksikliği olan makalelerin sayıca fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Ölçek uyarlama makalelerinde madde sayısı arttıkça örneklem büyüklüğünün arttığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Deneme uygulaması gerçekleştirilen makalelerin sayıca az olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Geçerlik çalışmaları için faktör analizi, güvenirlik çalışmaları için iç tutarlık yöntemi tüm makalelerde tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları ilgili alan yazın ile değerlendirildiğinde ölçek geliştirme ve ölçek uyarlama sürecindeki temel adımların büyük oranda gerçekleştirildiği fakat eksiklik ve hataların olduğu, bu nedenle sürecin tamamına dair hassasiyetin arttırılması önerilmektedir.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Turkish adapted version of Mathematical Development Beliefs Scale developed by Platas (2015). The scale can also be used to determine preschool teachers’ beliefs about Mathematics education. After obtaining the permission from the developer of the questionnaire, the items of the questionnaire were run through a double-translation process where they were first translated into Turkish and then, retranslated into English. Then, the scale was sent to an expert in the field and the necessary corrections were made. The research was carried out with 203 preschool teachers working at kindergartens in state schools of the Ministry of National Education (MEB) and at kindergartens in private schools in Ankara. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were applied to the collected data. Based on these analyses, it was found that the adapted scale into Turkish consisted of 40 items, which were and gathered under four factors. The Cronbach alpha coefficient for the overall scale was .86. Test-retest correlation coefficient was found as r= .87. These values indicate that the questionnaire is highly reliable. The scale is found to be valid and reliable and appropriate to use in Turkish culture.

The focus of this research is the examination of the theoretical and practical knowledge regarding the convergence and divergence of the series. In line with the research focus, it is aimed to reveal the approaches of pre-service elementary mathematics teachers on the convergence and divergence of the series with the help of the real-life problem in the context of theory and application by using the concept of harmonic series. The research carried out the qualitative research method is designed according to the case study. The data of the research have consisted of two written questions and one problem and four interview questions which were formed by the researchers and their validity and reliability were ensured. The study concluded that pre-service teachers have theoretical knowledge on the convergence of series and harmonic series. Also, their perception of series, harmonic series, convergence and divergence concepts changed in the application process and they performed different approaches in problem-solving.