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Turkey has dynamic economic development and rapid population growth. It also has macro-economic and especially, monetary instability. The net effect of these factors is that Turkey’s energy demand has grown rapidly almost every year and is expected to continue growing. Since 1990, energy consumption has increased at an annual average rate of 4.3%. The energy consumption is distributed among four main sectors which are industrial, building (residential), transportation and agriculture. Approximately 33% of total energy consumption in Turkey is used by residential sector. This situation makes it more important to insulate buildings in our country where fuel prices are too high. Turkey is divided into four climatic zones depending on average temperature degree days of heating. In this study, the four different cities of Turkey, Izmir, Istanbul, Ankara and Erzurum are selected to determine the optimum insulation thickness of the external wall of buildings. Optimum insulation thickness for six different energy sources (Soma coal, natural gas, coal, LPG, fuel-oil, diesel fuel) and two different insulants (extruded polystyrene, rock wool) is calculated and compared to each other. In addition, by using life cycle cost analysis method. Pay back period is calculated for each zone.

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Considering fossil fuels depletion and increasing of energy demand in Iran, a s pecial attention is required toward the energy conservation. Energy demand of building section in Iran is very high, which is as a result of many factors such as governmental huge subsidies for energy, lack of energy conservation culture in building inhabitants, poor insulation of buildings and poor heating or cooling control systems. Most of buildings heating control systems in Iran do not respond properly to weather temperature changes during winters, therefore most of the time the interior temperature of these buildings exceed the comfort temperature, thus these buildings are not energy efficient and consume excessive amount of energy. The most important index to identify these buildings across the country is to know HDDs for each point of the country. Unfortunately, up to now no comprehensive research has been conducted in Iran about HDDs, and thus no HDDs atlas has been provided, therefore it is essential for energy managers, engineers and in particular for the government to be supplied with HDDs for each point of Iran. By taking this fact into account, we decided to prepare a comprehensive HDDs atlas for Iran entire zones. In this paper authorized temperature databases of 255 meteorological stations in 30 provinces of Iran have been collected from Iran meteorological organization, thereafter HDDs for each station were calculated, then a mathematical modeling (multiple regression analysis technique) was employed in order to simulate the HDDs of other places in Iran. Consequently, a HDDs Atlas across Iran entire zones was provided. These results can widely be used in energy consumption planning and prediction of the heating energy demand in buildings and enhances the government abilities to manage the rate of energy consumption in buildings.