In this study, the importance of the scientific reasoning process, which is necessary to keep up with the developing world and to increase our prestige among other countries by accepting science as a social premise, is emphasized. Today, it is seen that scientific reasoning studies are generally carried out in the field of science. However, considering that scientific reasoning can also be observed in social sciences, the relevant literature is discussed in a contextual way in this study. With this study, it is aimed to establish a theoretical basis for the scientific reasoning process in social sciences. As a result, the study focused on thought experiments, which is a mental tool that is thought to allow the development and examination of scientific reasoning in social sciences. This study is an important study for the literature with its handling of scientific reasoning in social sciences and its proposal for the use of a mental tool used in science in social sciences.