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Inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative rectocolitis and Crohn's disease are a major public health problem. The incidence of ul− cerative rectocolitis (UC), which has remained stable since the early eighties, is around 10 per 100 000 inhabitants [1]. Crohn's disease (CD) appears to be on the increase, with a global inci− dence of 5.6 / 100 000 [1]. These diseases are associated with a risk of digestive cancer, which justifies regular endoscopic sur− veillance. Unfortunately, there is no properly−defined code for such surveillance, which is performed on an empirical basis. Risk and Risk Factors for Digestive Cancer Ulcerative rectocolitisThe first studies based on essentially hospital cases reported a risk of colorectal cancer which was probably overestimated of 5 to 21 % after a period of 20 years [2]. The risk appeared lower, at 3.1 % and 5 % after 20 years in two more recent studies [2]. A re− cent meta−analysis evaluated the risk of cancer at 2 % after 10 years, 8 % after 20 years and 18 % after 30 years [3]. Corresponding AuthorMarc Barthet´Department of Gastroenterology´Hôpital Nord, Chemin des Bourrely1 3915 Marseille cedex 20´Phone: 04 91 96 87 37´Fax: 04 91 96 13 11´E−

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