The Cluster Front Line Demonstration (CFLD) on Greengram was conducted in 50 locations during two consecutive years 2019-20 and 2020-21 in 3 villages namely K. P. Valasa, Kongaram and Ambavilli of Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh, during Rabi season 2019-20 and 2020- 21 under rice fallow conditions to demonstrate yield and economic benefit of improved technology in crop management and taking up of complete package of practices for greengram. The findings of the study discovered that enhanced technology (ICM) recorded the mean yield of 494 kg/ha which was 30.8 per cent increased than obtained in farmers’ practice (377.5 kg/ha). Superior mean net income of Rs.19390/ha with a Benefit : Cost ratio of 2.2 was obtained with ICM technologies in contrast to farmers’ practices (Rs. 12758/ha). Further, it was also revealed that the taking up of enhanced technologies notably augmented the yield as well as yield attributing characters of greengram crop and also the net returns of the farmers. Hence, there is an urgent requirement to spread the enhanced technologies among the farmers with efficient extension methods like training and demonstrations. The farmers’ be supposed to be encouraged to take on the recommended package of practices for realizing higher net returns.

The District Agromet Unit (DAMU) under Gramin Krishi Mausam Sewa (GKMS) is the flagship programme of Govt. of India for weather related services to the farmers aiding in decision making on day-to-day agricultural operations. This scheme is extended to block level to address weather needs of farmers at micro-level. This is a joint effort of India Meteorological Department (IMD) and Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) with multi-organisational collaboration to implement various components and issuing crop and location specific weather based agro advisories for the benefit of farming community on every Tuesday and Friday and occurrence of extreme weather. The aim of the present study is to analyze the mandal wise rainfall data and the mandals were grouped based on the distribution of rainfall. Out of 38 plain mandals, 27 mandals received normal rainfall and 5 mandals received excess rainfall during South west monsoon period. Similarly, 7 agency mandals received normal rainfall and 4 agency mandal received excess rainfall during South West monsoon period as a whole. Month wise data showed that the distribution was either deficit or excess during the months of South West monsoon period i.e., June, July, August and September.

The crops like sun hemp, pulses, daincha, pillipesra are used as green manure or cover crops grown primarily for soil incorporation. The green manuring is the easiest and cheapest way to enrich the soil fertility besides adding huge amount of organic carbon to the soil and also which prevents soil erosion. Lake of green manure seed availability precede to paddy is major a constraint at farmer’s level. In the farming system of rice fallow pulse yields are reduced due to climate constraints like low temperature and fog during Rabi, crop constraints like lake of YMV tolerant verities, the yields are reducing so that farmers are unable reap the pulses in rice fallow situations in the present scenario. The study on productivity of seed production of sunhemp crop for seed and profitability was a lacuna in this zone. The present study of productivity of sunhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) seed production was studied for seed yield in rice fallow situation during Rabi, 2020-21 and Rabi, 2021-22 under rainfed situation by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Amadalavalasa. The Front Line Demonstrations (FLD) were conducted at farmers’ fields in 10 locations randomly covering entire district during this period. Observations were recorded on days to maturity, seed yield, cost of cultivation, B:C ratio and net income. The results were revealed that significantly higher seed yield was observed in sunhemp when compared to black gram in rice fallow situation. The higher seed yield recorded in sun hemp (10.3 q/h) over black gram (5.7 q/h) and net income of sun hemp seed production (Rs.19,500/h) and black gram is (Rs.9,750) While the B:C ratio of sunhemp (1:2.34) and blackgram is (1:1.60) during two consequent years f Rabi, 2020-21 and 2021-22.The study revealed that growing of sun hemp in rice fallows is much remunerative in-terms of higher growth and yield components when compared to blackgram and add more green manure to soil and increased net income to the farmer. The farmers realized that, sunhemp seed production is best suitable after rice in Rabi season under rain fed condition in Srikakulam district of North Coastal Zone of Andhra Pradesh.

Agricultural production depends primarily on weather, which varies with space and time, hence, its prediction can help to trim down the farm losses through precise scheduling and running of agricultural operations. The whole losses due to weather factor is not feasible to lessen but it can be minimized to some extent by making adjustments through timely and precise information of weather forecast. Weather forecasting and weather based agro advisories facilitate in rising the economic profits of the farmers by recommend with appropriate suggestion according to the weather conditions. A study was, consequently undertaken on observation of agromet advisory bulletin and economic impact of agromet advisory services for rice during Kharif and Rabi, 2021-22 for assessing the impact of agromet advisory services on farmers as users of agromet advisory services (DAMU farmers) and non-users of agromet advisory services (non-DAMU farmers) were chosen from different villages of Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh. Results revealed that the farmers, who practiced the agromet advisories, are able to reduce the input cost and gain in the net profit as compared to the non- AAS farmers in rice. This profit was due to the crop supervision done by the farmers according to agromet advisory bulletins. Thus, the use of agromet advisory bulletin, based on present and forecasted weather is a valuable tool for enhancing the production and profits of the farmer.

Rice is grown in 2.0 lakh ha in Srikakulam district of Andhra Pradesh. Unpredictable weather conditions, low socio-economic status of farmers and various nutritional imbalances are the factors affecting the agricultural productivity in rain-fed agriculture in North coastal regions of Andhra Pradesh. With the effects of climate change, crops are sometimes affected by floods and sometimes by drought. Under such flood conditions, biotic stress including many fungal, bacterial, viral, nematode and non-parasitic diseases and among such diseases, blast, sheath blight are major and a limiting factors for the rice production. Considering these bottlenecks, KVK, Srikakulam assessed the realtime contingency measures against the biotic stress in rice crop at Kondavalsa and Ponnam villages of Srikakulam district in 2020 and 2021. Integrated pest and Disease management practices were implemented in real time against Blast, Sheathblight and BPH. The results showed that 70-75 per cent reduction in the incidence of blast among the management measures adopted plots in both the selected locations during 2020 and 2021. But only a 50% reduction was noted in the farmers approach. Similarly, PDI of Sheath blightwas reduced 78%. Also Brown plant hopper population was brought under control by using the management practices. In 2020, the grain yield of Kondavalasa and Ponnam villagesin the demo plots were 5580 and 5690 kg/ha at, respectively, while grain yield in farmers practice were 5090 and 5210 kg/, respectively. During 2021, demo plots at Kondavalasa and Ponnam also, recorded highest grain yields of 5630 and 5850 kg/ha, respectively. The higher severity of diseases like Blast, Sheath blight and pests such as, BPH has lead to poor yields in case of farmers approach. This study clears that adoption of certain measures viz., sowing of tolerant varieties, Seed treatment, Alleyways formation, optimized Nitrozen fertilizer application which promotes the better crop growth and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. Additionally, the timely spraying of highly efficient chemicals to control biological stresses such as Blast, Sheath blight and BPH will minimize crop yields and improved grains quality and quantity.