Soil is the system which supplies plant with available nutrients through the root. Physical and Chemical analysis of the soil are carried out to indicate the efficiency of soil for supplying plants with nutrients in available forms as well as identification of the factors affecting this efficiency in the soil. Therefore, besides perfect sampling in the field, soil samples must be properly prepared and analyzed in order to reach the correct evaluation of the soil nutritional status. Soil is the mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases and countless organisms that together support plant life. Soil is considered to be the "skin of the earth" with interfaces between the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere of Earth, and biosphere. Soil consists of a solid phase (minerals and organic matter) as well as a porous phase that holds gases and water. Accordingly, soils are often treated as a three-state system Soil is the end product of the influence of the climate, relief (elevation, orientation, and slope of terrain), organisms, and parent materials (original minerals) interacting over time. Soil continually undergoes development by way of numerous physical, chemical and biological processes, which include weathering with associated erosion. Most soils have a density between 1 and 2 gram per cubic centimeter.

The soil is a mixture of solid, water and gases and also a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquid and other macro or microorganisms and it performs four important functions. The basic of the status of soil we decide requirement of fertilizer to increase the fertility of the soil. This work examines the principal physical and chemical attributes that can serve as indicators of a change in soil quality under particular agro-climatic condition. You will find that different soil can vary greatly in their composition. Proposed indicator including soil depth to a root restricting layer, water holding capacity, organic matter, N, P, K, Cl, electrical conductivity, moisture content. We also confirmed the justification for selecting these key attributes, their measurement, critical limit for monitoring change in solid productivity and soil quality and crop growth in that soil.