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OBJECTIVE To derive macronutrient recommendations for remission and prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Asian Indians using a data-driven optimization approach. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Dietary, behavioral, and demographic assessments were performed on 18,090 adults participating in the nationally representative, population-based Indian Council of Medical Research–India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study. Fasting and 2-h postglucose challenge capillary blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were estimated. With HbA1c as the outcome, a linear regression model was first obtained for various glycemic categories: newly diagnosed diabetes (NDD), prediabetes (PD), and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Macronutrient recommendations were formulated as a constrained quadratic programming problem (QPP) to compute optimal macronutrient compositions that would reduce the sum of the difference between the estimated HbA1c from the linear regression model and the targets for remission (6.4% for NDD and 5.6% for PD) and prevention of progression in T2D in PD and NGT groups. RESULTS Four macronutrient recommendations (%E- Energy) emerged for 1) diabetes remission in NDD: carbohydrate, 49–54%; protein, 19–20%; and fat, 21–26%; 2) PD remission to NGT: carbohydrate, 50–56%; protein,18–20%; fat, 21–27%; 3 and 4) prevention of progression to T2D in PD and NGT: carbohydrate, 54–57% and 56–60%; protein, 16–20% and 14–17%, respectively; and fat 20–24% for PD and NGT. CONCLUSIONS We recommend reduction in carbohydrates (%E) and an increase in protein (%E) for both T2D remission and for prevention of progression to T2D in PD and NGT groups. Our results underline the need for new dietary guidelines that recommend appropriate changes in macronutrient composition for reducing the burden due to diabetes in South Asia.

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide major disease, both for the number of patients and cost of treatment involved. Screening for CKD at an early stage helps to initiate specific therapy to reduce the progression of renal disease and burden of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Patients with CKD and ESRD show elevated acute phase C-reactive protein (CRP) levels as a consequence of chronic inflammatory states. The aim of this research was to study the significance of CRP with objective of finding an association between the CRP and parameters of other co-morbidities.

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Background: Alcohol abuse is global burden to families as well as society. On the ‘years of life lost scale’, which is based on alcohol attributable years of life lost, India has been rated 4 on a scale of 1 to 5. This implies that the alcohol consuming population of our country loses most of the years of their life because of drinking and its consequences. The aim of this research is to compare anthropometric measurements, liver function tests, haemoglobin and plasma glucose levels in individuals with alcohol abuse and normal population.Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine, Civil Hospital, Aizawl. 84 cases of individuals with alcohol abuse (as per DSM-IV criteria) within the age group of 18-70 years and 70 age, sex, height and weight matched lifetime abstainers, healthy individuals were taken as controls from medicine department. They underwent a detailed clinical examination, anthropometric measurements, liver function tests, haemoglobin and plasma glucose levels.Results: 15.5% of the individuals with alcohol abuse had hypertension. The mean post prandial glucose among the individuals with alcohol abuse was 116.8±12.3 mg/dl and among the controls was 121.1±11.0 mg/dl. Mean serum bilirubin 1.1 mg/dl, AST 79 IU/l & ALT was 79.6 in alcoholics. The mean serum bilirubin 0.8 mg/dl, AST 27.2 IU/l and ALT was 29.4 in non-alcoholics.Conclusions: The individuals with alcohol abuse have raised serum bilirubin, AST and ALT levels compared to the non-alcoholics. Prevalence of hypertension is higher in the individuals with alcohol abuse compared to normal population.