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We have studied the effect of the size of gadolinium particles on their structure and magnetic properties. Particle sizes varied within the range from 1000 to 200 g. X-ray diffraction investigations showed that the structure of fine gadolinium particles can be presented a s a three-phase mixture: a hexagonal close-packed ( h . c . p . ) phase, fully corresponding to the lattice of the gadolinium bulk sample, and two face centered cubic (f. c . c. ) phases with the parameters a = ( 5 . 3 2 1 and a = 5 . 3 9 2 % (11). With the decrease of particle size the h . c . p . phase gradually disappears, and in particles with d = 200 8 it i s completely absent. The f . c . c .phase at first appears in the form of structure I , which is later replaced by structure 11. The weight fraction of phase I1 in particles with d = 200 8 is close to 80%. . 8 ) a (I)