Soil-structure interaction plays an important role in the behavior of structure under static or dynamic loading. It influences the behavior of soil, as well as the response of pile under loading. The analysis is highly essential for predicting a more accurate structural behavior so as to improve the safety of structures under extreme loading conditions. The soil-pile system behavior is predominantly nonlinear and this makes the problem complicated. In a laterally loaded pile the load is resisted by the soil-pile interaction effect, which in turn depends on soil properties, pile material, pile diameter, loading type and bed slope of ground. The difficulty in the accountability of the influencing factors necessitates a careful study on soil-structure interaction problem. The analysis became easier with the debut of powerful computers and simulation tools such as finite element analysis software. A detailed literature review on soil-structure interaction analysis of laterally loaded piles is presented in this paper.

Aims and Objectives:The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorehexidine and MTAD in disinfecting gutta-percha cones and to analyze the surface topography of gutta-percha cones after the rapid chemical disinfection procedure.Materials and Methods:Gutta-percha cones were immersed in suspensions of Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus separately. The cones were then immersed in 5.25% NaOCl, 2% CHX and MTAD for 30 seconds, 1 minute and 5 minutes separately. The disinfected cones were then incubated in thioglycollate media for 7 days. The thioglycolate media was sub-cultured and colony forming units were counted. For topographical examination of gutta-percha cones, the cones were immersed in respective solutions for one minute and allowed to air dry for 30 minutes after rinsing or without rinsing the cones with distilled water. The topography of the cones were then analyzed under SEM. Data was statistically analyzed using one way anova.Results:MTAD was found to be the most effective disinfecting solution. The topographical examination of GP cones found some deposits after the disinfection procedure in every group. These deposits were removed when the GP cones were rinsed with distilled water.Conclusions:MTAD possesses superior bactericidal activity when compared with NaOCl and CHX and a final rinse with distilled water is essential after the disinfection procedure.

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