Results of immersion pitting, immersion crevice, and slow scan potentiodynamic pitting tests are compared to assess the relevance of particular types of accelerated laboratory tests for localized corrosion. The alloys examined include 317 L, 20-type alloys, duplex stainless steels, and nickel-base alloys. The solutions utilized are acid chloride-type with and without ferric ions [Fe2(SO4)3] as an oxidizing species. The acids examined include sulfuric, hydrochloric, and mixtures of these two acids. The best accelerated test for rating localized corrosion resistance of alloys is the immersion pitting temperature test. Results from this test procedure best simulate and correlate with the service performance of alloys.
Bei Umsetzungen mit Salpetersaure ist stets eine mogliche Verunreinigung diescr Saure mit Fluoriden in Betracht zu ziehen.Im Falle hochkonzentrierter Salpetersaure wird die Korrosion metallischer Werkstoffe durch kleine HF-Anteile merklich verringert; dagegen greifen Gemische aus H F und (unter)azeotroper Salpetersaure uberaus stark an: die Abtragung steigt rnit zunehmender HNO3-und zunehrnendcr HF-Konzentration sowie zunehmender Temperatur deutlich an.Untersucht wurden 12 nichtrostende Stiihle und Nickelbasislegierungen. Bei konstantem HN03-Gehalt nimmt die Korrosion mit zunehmender HF-Konzentration lincar zu. Bei konstanter HF-Konzentration (0.25 M) steigt die Korrosion rnit zunehmender Saleptersaure-Konzeiitration (0,3 bis 1 4 3 M) steil an und 1aBt sich durch einen Ansatz beschreiben, der sich durch Addition einer Gradcngleichung mit eincrdie Anderung des HNOs-Anteils beriicksichtigenden -Hyperbel-Gleichung ergibt.Die heste Korrosionsbestlndigkeit besitzen Legierungen mit miiglichst hohen (bis 46%) Chrom-Gehalten. Gut verwendbar ist die Legierung NiCr30FeMo (Hastelloy alloy G-30).Reactions involving nitric acid may always rcsult in the contamination of this acid with fluoridcs.In highly concentrated nitric acid, the prcsence of small amounts of HF will substantially reduce the corrosion of metallic materials. Mixtures consisting of hydrofluoric acid and hypo-azeotropic nitric acid on the other hand will strongly attack: the metal loss will markedly increase with increasing HN03 and HFconcentrations as well as with rising temperatures.The investigation covered 12 stainless steel grades and nickelbase alloys. With constant HN03 content, corrosion rates will rise linearly whcn increasing the HF concentration. With constant HF concentration (0.25 M), corrosion rates will increase rapidly with increasing nitric acid concentration (from 0.3 M to 14.8 M). This can best be described by superimposing a linear function and a hyperbolic function that is reflecting the change in the HNO3 contcnt.Alloys containing as much chromium as possible (up to 46 wt.%) will exhibit the best corrosion resistance. Alloy NiCr30FeMo (Hastelloy alloy G-30) proved to be well suitable in this investigation.
Der HASTELLOY®‐Legierung C‐22 liegt eine kritische Abstimmung der Legierungselemente Chrom, Molybdän und Wolfram zu Grunde. Dieses Verhältnis bewirkt eine optimale Korrosionsbestän‐digkeit im Ni‐Cr‐Mo‐System gegen oxiderende und nichtoxidierende Säuren sowie gegen Loch‐ und Spaltkorrosion. Legierung C‐22 verfügt darüber hinaus über eine ausgezeichnete thermische Stabilität bei Schweißverfahren mit hohem Wärmeeinbringen. Die bisherigen Anwendungen von HASTELLOY alloy C‐22 bestätigen, daß dieser Werkstoff schwierige Korrosionsprobleme in der Praxis selbst dort löst, wo andere hochkorrosionsbeständige Legierungen versagen.
Presently, the most widely used susceptibility test for intergranular corrosion of HASTELLOY® Alloy C-276 is the ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid test. The corrosion rate obtained by this test has uniform and intergranular corrosion components. The uniform corrosion rate, which is a function of minor variations in alloy chemistry, may easily mask the intergranular corrosion component of the overall corrosion rate. A new solution chemistry identified through laboratory tests resolves the problem and displays a step function response in corrosion rate when there are high levels of grain boundary precipitation. Over 700 production specimens have been comparatively tested in both solutions, spanning a time period of two years. The new test consistently detects undesirable microstructural conditions in HASTELLOY Alloy C-276 that, in many cases, are not detected by the ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid test.
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