Abstract:The study investigated the effects of communal crises on selected crops production among farmers in Langtang North local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted; four local government areas were selected in each of the local government selected, four villages affected by communal crises were selected purposively. In two of the villages selected, 24 respondents each (people affected by communal crises) were selected and 25 respondents each were also selected randomly in the other two villages giving a total of 98 respondents. Primary data were collected through administration of structured questionnaire; data gathered were analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlation. The findings revealed that 38.8% communal crises were caused by religion, 43.9% communal crises leads to loss of lives, 87.8% used assorted types of guns during communal crises and there was significant reduction in quantity and value of money on crops produced before and after communal crises. The study recommends that government should implement white paper reports on communal crises and religious organizations should continually organize inter-religious group public enlightenment programmes to encourage peaceful co-existence among believers of different faiths.

Information plays a very important role in agriculture in particular and life in general. Agriculture has become information-intensive; information is required for livestock and crop production. It empowers farmers to respond to market incentives, risks, and competition. Farmers access information from a variety of sources. These sources can be divided into formal and informal information networks. The study assessed extension delivery methods to farmers in Apa Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Stratified, purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used in selecting 125 respondents through survey. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that males were 74.2%, the respondents 49% were between 26 and 35 years, 61.7% were married, 52% had farm size of 6 hectares and above. About 34% earned an estimated annual income of between ₦100,000.0 and ₦500,000.0, 83.3% acquired land through inheritance and 47.5% obtained information from extension services using radio. About 50% of identified characteristics of the effectiveness of extension delivery methods used were helped solve problems and 86% of constraints to the effectiveness of extension delivery methods used were poor infrastructure. It is recommended that government and non-governmental organizations should provide infrastructure, organize adult education for farmers and organize training to update knowledge of extension workers.

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The study analyzed the effects of house rodents among farmers in Jos North Local Government Area of Plateau State, Nigeria. Data were collected from primary source through the administration of structured questionnaire on 190 farmers' selected using a purposive random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Logit regression. Results revealed that females were 66.3%, 61.6% aged 20-30 years, 51.1% were married, 47.7% had the household size of 6-10 people, 53.3% had an estimated annual income of < ₦100,000.0. The results further indicated that 46.3% were civil servants, 49.5% occupied 4 rooms apartment, 84.2% furniture was destroyed, 76.3% used rodent glue pad for control, inconveniences (  = 3.04) was one of the major factors that influenced the method used for control of rodents and lack of finance (  = 3.15) was one of the major constraints faced in controlling house rodents. The results of Logit regression showed that sex (4.216) and major occupation (3.328) positively and significantly influenced the choice of method used for control at p < 0.005 and p < 0.010. It is recommended that public  enlightenment on proper sanitation and methods of control should be carried out regularly to reduce the menace.