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Introduction. In recent years, a growing variety of technical applications have necessitated the employment of more powerful equipment. Power electronics and megawatt power levels are required in far too many medium voltage motor drives and utility applications. It is challenging to incorporate a medium voltage grid with only one power semiconductor that has been extensively modified. As a result, in high power and medium voltage settings, multiple power converter structure has been offered as a solution. A multilevel converter has high power ratings while also allowing for the utilization of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic, wind, and fuel cells may be readily connected to a multilevel inverter topology for enhanced outcomes. The novelty of the proposed work consists of a novel modular inverter structure for solar applications that uses fewer switches. Purpose. The proposed architecture is to decrease the number of switches and Total Harmonic Distortions. There is no need for passive filters, and the proposed design enhances power quality by creating distortion-free sinusoidal output voltage as the level count grows while also lowering power losses. Methods. The proposed topology is implemented with MATLAB / Simulink, using gating pulses and various pulse width modulation methodologies. Moreover, the proposed model also has been validated and compared to the hardware system. Results. Total harmonic distortion, number of power switches, output voltage and number of DC sources are compared with conventional topologies. Practical value. The proposed topology has been very supportive for implementing photovoltaic based multilevel inverter, which is connected to large demand in grid.

Energy harvesting, flexible substrate, force, metal oxides, piezoelectric, pressure, stress, ZnO nanorods,

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Background: There is a perceived lack of competency of interns in managing common childhood conditions like acute diarrheal diseases (ADD). In the present system there is no formal training is given to the interns. Additional structured training programs during internship will help to improve their performance. This is of special importance in the context of current shift towards a competency based medical education (CBME). This study was conducted at a government medical College in North Kerala to find out the effect of a workshop on perceptions and practice of interns in management of acute diarrheal diseases in children.Methods: 15 interns posted in Paediatric department during July 2015 were administered a pre-test to assess their perceptions and practice about managing ADD by using short answer questions (SAQ), questionnaire and Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). After the pre-test a training workshop on management of ADD was conducted. The feedbacks were obtained. A post test was conducted 3 days later. The pre and post workshop scores were compared using student t test.Results: There was an improvement in knowledge, skills and self-perceived level of confidence of the interns in managing ADD in children after the workshop.  Conclusions: A training workshop will improve the knowledge, skills and confidence of interns in managing a child presenting with acute diarrhoea.