Background: Schistosomiasis is a chronic, parasitic disease caused by blood flukes (Schistosoma species). It has been for along time a neglected tropical disease in most of the sub-Saharan countries.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted between June 2015 to July 2015 at Chaani village in North “A” District. The school children were interviewed to identify activities which expose them frequently to water contact. Study subjects were selected by using stratified random sampling technique. The selected school children were asked to collect urine sample in well-labeled container. The samples were processed in the laboratory by using standard microbiological techniques (syringe filtration then examined by microscopy) and results were recorded, the data was analyzed.Results: Out of 170 School children 62 were infected with Schistosoma haematobium which is the predominant Schistosoma species found in that area. Among the 62, 45 (57.6%) were male and 17 (42.4%) were female. The level of knowledge of respondents on Schistosomiasis transmission is that 70% of school children have high knowledge, 18% have moderate knowledge and 12% have low knowledge. Other parameters were also assessed like bathing habits and knowledge and functions of Schistosomiasis control drug.Conclusions: Males were significantly more affected by the disease than females. Provision of safe water coupled with education of the communities regarding the modes of transmission of the disease and the way to prevent oneself, as well as provision of sanitary facilities, such as latrines may decrease the disease burden.

g72 figure 2on 12 May 2018 by guest. Protected by copyright.

Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a remarkable opportunistic pathogen responsible for a great proportion of hospital-associated infections and the high prevalence of resistance towards many classes of antibiotics makes the treatment challenging. The present cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, IMCHRC, Indore. The study was approved by IEC and conducted from October 2019 to September 2021. A total number of 168 Acinetobacter species including 143 A. baumannii were isolated from the various clinical specimens, the majority of the isolates were obtained from the respiratory system (66%), followed by urine, pus/wound swab, blood, fluids and other samples. The majority of the patients who had underlying/diagnosed with a disease such as aspiration pneumonia/pneumonia (35%), cerebrovascular accident/haemorrhagic shock (30.7%), respiratory failure (24%), accelerated HTN/HTN(18%), and less common were septicemia (8.4), acute kidney injury/chronic kidney diseases (7.7%) and trauma/burns (5.5%). The antibiotic susceptibility testing showed higher antibiotic resistance to cefotaxime (94%), ceftazidime (93%), cefepime (92%), imipenem (92%), meropenem (90%) and the resistance was low to doxycycline (39%) Polymyxin B (8%). The association between antibiotic resistance and the clinical profile of patients was found significant (p-value < 0.05). In our study, a remarkably high antibiotic resistance pattern was observed in the classes of antibiotics in A. baumannii isolates, mostly MDR and XDR. To address infection caused by antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii, appropriate antibiotic administration in a clinical setting is essential. Moreover, local and national surveillance data, stringent infection control, and antimicrobial stewardship are required.

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