This paper will present information on the design, fabrication, and testing of a submillimeter three-axis electric field (E-field) strength probe. The probe is designed to detect frequencies ranging from approximately 200 MHz to 18 GHz along with field strengths as small as 60 to over 1200 V / m.

A guided-wave frequency shifter is of current interest for use in interferometric sensors such as the phase-nulling fiber-optic gyroscope. It possesses distinct advantages over bulk acousto-optic Bragg frequency Shifters for use in guided-wave systems. These advantages include: high conversion efficiency, high optical carrier suppression, and low insertion loss. Heismann and Ulrich1,2 have reported a col linear electro-optic, Bragg-type frequency shifter in a single mode LiNbO3 stripe waveguide. The device operates by having a TE input mode with angular frequency ω Bragg scatter from a collinear electro-optically induced traveling wave with angular frequency Ω into a TM output mode having angular frequency ω+Ω or ω-Ω. Eknoyan, et al.,3 have extended this concept by fabricating a similar device in LiTaO3 which achieved an order of magnitude increase in optical bandwidth. However, due to fringing fields, that device did not operate efficiently as a frequency shifter.

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The use of optical fibers to evanescently couple pump energy from laser diodes to a solid state laser rod is proposed. This technique involves placing a series of optical fibers side-by-side around the barrel portion of a laser rod, parallel to the laser resonator mode. A large index difference between the core region of the optical fibers and the solid state material facilitates evanescent coupling of pump light into the laser rod. Efficient operation will be possible due to a high overlap between the laser resonating mode and the pumped volume.

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