Roughness increases significantly after finishing procedures. The aim of this study was to assess by the atomic force microscope~AFM! the effect of finishing instruments on the surface roughness of composite resins. A nanofiller composite resin~Filtek Supreme, 3M-F! and a microhybrid composite resin~Point 4, Kerr-P! were selected. The finishing procedures were done with a 30-blade carbide bur~C! and a 30-mm finishing diamond bur~D!. Standardized specimens were produced and divided into six experimental groups n ϭ 4! according to~1! composite resin,~2! absence of finishing~Mylar matrix-M!, and~3! finishing instrument~FM, PM, FC, FD, PC, PD!. The mean surface roughness was evaluated by AFM in the contact mode. FM and PM groups were assessed statistically by the Student's T test, and FC, FD, PC, PD groups were submitted to variance analysis~ANOVA!, both at 5% significance. The mean surface roughness values, in nanometers, were FM, 23.63~b!; FC, 283.88~c!; FD, 510.55~d!; PM, 12.52~a!; PC, 343.98~c!; PD, 531.64~d!. Microhybrid composite displayed less roughness than nanofiller composite in the absence of finishing procedures. The 30-blade carbide bur produced less roughness compared to the extra fine diamond bur.

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