The International Standard of Clinical Electroretinography serves as standard protocol for recording electroretinographic responses in order to facilitate worldwide comparisons of examinations. To promote its distribution and acceptance throughout the German speaking countries, we established normal values for the five standard responses and added a German translation of the International Standard in the appendix. To determine normal values for electroretinographic data we suggest to use percentiles instead of parameters based on a Gaussian distribution. Patient-related (age, sex) and -unrelated (interstimulus-interval, diurnal rhythm) parameters proved to influence the data values significantly. With these variables taken into account one can increase the clinical value of electroretinography in terms of a greater reliability and predictiveness of data.

The extrapyramidal-motorical side effects of neuroleptic drugs are preceded by subtle symptoms, the assessment of which is dependent on the methods used. For the evaluation of several such methods of assessment we compared the results of the handwriting test (Haase, 1969) with EMG-measurements of the silent period and psychometric measurement of aiming-, tapping-, and reaction-time-tests. Twenty normal subjects were tested four times in a double blind study in order to control the short- and long-term effects of a low dosage of perphenacine. Slight but significant drug-dependent changes were found, such as decreases of steadiness and of the speed of arm-hand-movements. From the theoretical point of view these results support a dimensional approach rather than an explanation in terms of a categorial approach as it is suggested by the commonly used notion "neuroleptic threshold".