A field experiment was conducted at Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Rudrur, during 2018-19 to study the effect of plant density and nitrogen management for realizing higher cane yield under bud chip method of planting in sugarcane (Saccharum officinerum). The treatments were plant geometry and nitrogen doses with three and four splits of application in split plot design. The recommended dose of nitrogen was 250 kg N ha-1. Among the geometry, 150 x 60 cm spacing recorded significantly higher cane length which was statistically at par with 150 x 30 cm. 150% RDN (375 kg N ha-1) with four splits of application recorded significantly higher cane length. Among the split application of nitrogen, four splits with 150% RDN at basal, 60, 90 and 120 DAP recorded significantly higher number of tiller at 90 and 120 DAP. Significantly higher single cane weight was recorded in 150% RDN  with four splits of application in 150 x 60 cm. Significantly higher cane yield was recorded in 150% RDN with four splits of application in 150 x 60 cm spacing and was statistically at par with 150 x 30 cm spacing. This was followed by 100% RDN with four splits of application in 150 x 60 cm spacing.

Ten rice genotypes were evaluated to study the genetic variability, correlation and path analysis under aerobic conditions for selection of high yielding genotypes. The experiment is carried out in RCBD with 3 replications and the data is analysed in SPAR 2.0, Past 4.01 and OPSTAT for variability, correlation and path analysis respectively. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were high for the number of productive tillers per plant, the number of filled grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, biological yield and grain yield indicating the possibility of genetic improvement through direct selection for these traits. The magnitude of difference between PCV and GCV was less for the traits indicating little influence of environment. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for the number of productive tillers per plant, the number of filled grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, spikelet fertility, biological yield and grain yield indicating a preponderance of additive gene action, which provide excellent scope for further improvement by selection. Significant positive association of grain yield with number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, spikelet fertility and biological yield was observed. Path analysis revealed the traits, number of filled grains per panicle exerted highest positive direct effect on grain yield followed by 1000-gain weight and number of productive tillers per plant. Thus, these traits which contribute to the grain yield under aerobic condition could be exploited for further breeding programme.

Eleven early maturing sugarcane clones were planted in Randomized Block Design for this study. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships among the yield and quality parameters with cane yield and sugar yield in sugarcane, in order to provide information to help breeders in adopting traits for developing high yield and quality varieties. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for eleven yield and quality characters. Highest cane yield (176.66 t/ha) was recorded in clone 2015R10 and highest Commercial Cane Sugar (CCS) % (14.16) were observed in Co C 671. Correlation coefficient results indicated that cane yield was positively correlated with germination (0.166), number of millable canes (0.210), cane length (0.650), cane girth (0.610), single cane weight (0.880), CCS yield (0.518) whereas Brix% (-0.838), Sucrose% (-0.821), Purity % (-0.720) and CCS % (-0.812) showed negative correlation with cane yield. Sugar yield per hectare is positively correlated with purity% (0.187), cane length (0.413), cane girth (0.503), single cane weight (0.515) and cane yield (0.518). Results indicate that the genotypes should be selected on the basis of cane length, cane girth and single cane weight for getting higher sugarcane yield.

Aims: To make pragmatic selection of best performing sugar cane clones, it is compulsory to know traits having high values of heritability. Hence, this work was initiated with the aim of estimating genetic parameters of twelve sugarcane clones planted in randomized block design with three replications. The tested clones were significantly different for all most all the traits at 1% and 5% level of significance. Genotypic and phenotypic variance, GCV and PCV, heritability in broad sense (h2) and genetic advance as percent of mean was calculated for all traits taken. Results: Low genotypic variances were obtained as compared to the corresponding phenotypic variances for the traits taken. High GCV and heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent mean were obtained for Shoots at 240 DAP (Days After Planting) (1000/ha), Single cane weight at harvest (Kg), commercial cane sugar (CCS) at 8 months stage (%), CCS at 10 months stage (%), Sugar yield at harvest (t/ha) and Cane yield at harvest (t/ha). Hence, selections based on these characters are appropriate for varietal improvement.

The basic aim of plant breeders is to improve the yielding potential of existing varieties along with creation of new high yielding varieties. This experiment was carried out to study the association of yield and yield attributing traits along with path coefficient analysis among twenty rice genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed the existence of significant differences in genotypes for all the characters studied. Grain yield had positive significant association with ear bearing tillers/m2 (0.5395**/0.6264**), number of filled grains per panicle (0.5236**/0.5774**) and test weight (0.2575*/0.2560*) and days to 50 percent flowering (0.3294**/0.3648**), It indicates that these characters are important for yield improvement. Path coefficient analysis revealed maximum positive direct effect of number of filled grains per panicle (1.4128/1.8979), test weight(1.1812/1.5927), days to fifty percent flowering (0.2404/0.1669), ear bearing tillers (0.0159/0.1224) and panicle length(0.0710/0.0813). Selection for the traits with positive association and direct effects will be useful for the improvement in yield of rice through breeding programme.