This paper_ pI8IllIIIld for pr8S«1lation at1he 1994 PelItlIeum ConIeI1ll1C8 and Exhibition of Mexico held in Veracruz, MEXICO, 1()'13 OclDber 1994. This JllIIl8r _ selected for plllSllnlalion by an SPE P~ram Committee lolowing lllYiew of information oontained in an absllllct submillad by 1he aulhor(s). Contents 011he paper, as preS«lted, haw not been nMewed by 1he Society of Petroleum Engineers and are subjeclto OOll8Ction by the aulho'1s). The ma18riaJ, as presented, does not necessanly reftecl an~position 01 1he Society 01 PlIlrdeum Enslir-rs, its OIlicers, or members. Papers pr8ssnted at SPE meetings are subject to publcalion IIIYiew by Edi1DriaJ Commillees of1he Society of Pelroleum Engineers. Pennission to copy is restriCted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. lUustrations may not be~ed. The absll8cl should contain oonspicuous acknowledgrrient 01 where and by whom 1he paper is p-m-d. Write Ubnuien, SPE, P.O. Box 833836, Richardson. TX75Oll3--3838, U.S.A. Telex, 163245 SPEUT. Harmonic: (b=l) BRIEF SUMMARY This paper presents rigorous methods to analyze and interpret production rate and pressure data from oil wells using type curves to perform decline curve analysis. These methods are shown to yield excellent results for both the variable rate and variable bottomhole pressure cases, without regard to the structure of the reservoir (shape and size), or the reservoir drive mechanisms. Results of these analyses include the following:• Reservoir properties: -Skin factor for near well damage or stimulation, S -Formation permeability, k • In-place fluid volumes:-Original oil-in-place, N -Movable oil at current conditions, N p • mov -Reservoir drainage area, A We have thoroughly verified these analyses and interpretation methods using both synthetic data and numerous field examples. In addition, we provide illustrative examples to demonstrate the ease of analysis and interpretation, as well as to orient the reader as to what are the benefits of rigorous decline curve analysis. INTRODUCTIONThe importance of performing accurate analysis and interpretation of reservoir behavior using only rate and pressure data as a function of time simply can not be overemphasized. In most cases, these will be the only data available in any significant quantity, especially for older wells and marginally economic wells where both the quantity and quality of~types of data are limited. The theoretical application of this technique is for newer wells, at pressures above the bubble point, although we show that the methods described here can be accurately applied at any time during the depletion history of a particular well. The development of modem decline curve analysis began in 1944 when Arpsl published a comprehensive review of previous efforts for the graphical analysis of production decline behavior. In that work, Arps developed a family of functional relations based on the hyperbolic decline model for the analysis of flow rate data.References and illustrations at end of paper Arps' efforts provided a variety of results...

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The paper deals with the biomass and productivity of sal (SF) and miscellaneous forests (MF) of Satpura plateau (Madhya Pradesh) India. These forest types were divided into four sites namely open miscellaneous (OMF, site-I), closed miscellaneous (CMF, site-II), open sal (OSF, site-III) and closed sal (CSF, site-IV). The degree of disturbance followed the order: III (0.70) < I (0.12) < II (0.054) < IV (0.018) while considering total trees as measure. OSF (III) and CSF (IV) were most and least disturbed sites among the four. The percent allocation of above ground tree biomass followed the order: 85.08 (II) < 85.51 (I) < 81.31 (III) < 78.09 (IV). The higher above ground tree biomass was produced by MF than of SF. Closed canopy forests produced higher above ground tree biomass than of the open forests. OMF produced 9.5% less biomass than of the CMF whereas, OSF has 39.91% less biomass than of the CSF. The contribution of above ground biomass of shrubs (%) are as follows: 8.3 (IV)< 32.72 (I) <33.77 (III) <52.63 (II). The percent contribution of root biomass was higher for closed sites as compared with open and sites. The root: shoot ratio was ranged between 0.169-0.249. NPPtree (kg ha-1yr-1) was highest for site –IV (38094.79), followed by III (33384.29), II (12374.89 and I (9736.52). NPPshrub followed the order: 204 (IV) > 109 (III) > 79.80 (I) > 52.69 (II), while for NPPherb, the order of importance was, 109.50 (IV) > 73.27 (I) > (II), 71.75 (III) > 55.71 (II). NPPtotal was highest for closed forest stands than of the open ones. NPPteak was lower for high-disturbed site than of the less disturbed site. Photosynthetic/ non - photosynthetic ratio follows the order: 0.067 (II) > 0.030 (III) > 0.026 (IV) > 0.018 (I). Open forests showed lower values for this ratio. NEP was higher for SF than of the MF. Further closed forests showed higher values of NEP. OSF showed lower values of NEPsal than of the CSF. Disturbances in open forests not only reduced stand biomass of tree species, dominant species in particular, but also declined the tree productivity. So, gap filling plantation in side the forest is suggested to improve the productivity of open forests

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