A Cirurgia abdominal e a confeção de um estoma provocam um trauma na musculatura abdominal. A qualidade de vida e a adaptação da pessoa com ostomia estão condicionadas pelas complicações que eventualmente possam surgir no período pós-operatório. Entre as complicações das ostomias, as hérnias paraestomais são as que apresentam uma maior incidência, tornando-se assim essencial o desenvolvimento de intervenções direcionadas especificamente para a sua prevenção. Grande parte das complicações podem ser evitadas com a execução de um programa de exercícios de fortalecimento da musculatura abdominal e pélvica previamente, principalmente nas pessoas com ostomias definitivas estes tipos de exercícios poderão proporcionar melhor qualidade de vida e, desta forma, diminuir as taxas de complicações e os dias de internamento. A Associação de Enfermeiras de Estomaterapia do Reino Unido em 2016(1) recomendou que os ostomizados fossem sujeitos a um programa de exercício abdominal apropriado após a cirurgia para fortalecer a musculatura abdominal e reduzir o risco de hérnia. O processo de ensino/aprendizagem do ostomizado deve começar no pré-operatório, com a finalidade de este conseguir uma adaptação mais célere às mudanças necessárias no seu do estilo de vida, assegurando assim uma gestão mais eficaz do seu regime terapêutico e, consequentemente, uma melhor qualidade de vida. Palavras chave: estomia; hérnia incisional; terapia por exercício; enfermagem de reabilitação
Introduction: Postoperative complications are a reality in the context of abdominal surgery, which is why the use of an abdominal bandage was strongly recommended for decades. Objectives: The aim is to identify the benefits for the patient and verify the pertinence of the recommendation for its use, taking into account the advancement of surgical techniques. Methodology: A integrative review of the literature was carried out, in which studies from 2017 to 2022 were identified in the database aggregators EBSCOhost (CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE Complete, Nursing & Allied Health Collection, Cochrane Plus Collection) and Web of Science (SciELO). Results: 137 articles were identified, of which 15 were included for review. Discussion: In the literature, several benefits are pointed out with the use of abdominal bandage, namely in the healing of the surgical wound, in comfort and in early mobilization. However, it was in pain control that there was greater benefit for patients in most articles. Considering these factors, the patient becomes more cooperative in performing recovery exercises. Conclusion: Current scientific evidence indicates that abdominal taping, when correctly applied, is an effective strategy that favors the functional recovery of patients undergoing abdominal surgery by laparotomy.
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