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Background: This retrospective study was conducted on 108 patients to find the role of alcoholism in liver abscess. Methods: The present study was undertaken on patients both male and female admitted in surgical wards of Chennai medical college & hospital. 108 patients were taken up for the study from the surgical wards of the hospital over a period of 1½ year i.e., from January 2013 to June 2014. Results: The disease usually affects the males in the age group 25-55 years, alcoholism is found to be the chief predisposing factor. Following alcoholism, poor economic status & malnutrition also plays a vital role as predisposing factors in the formation of liver abscess. Among alcoholism also, consuming locally prepared alcohol plays a vital role, but the reason is still been unknown. Though Alcoholism is a predisposing factor, it has no role in the aetiology and the liver function tests also did not show much alteration. Improvement in radio diagnosis helps not only in diagnosis but also in the management. In complicated liver abscesses, the most common complication was found to be pleuropulmonary, followed by peritoneal and pericardial. With abscess remaining confined to the liver the case fatality rate is nil. Even in complicated cases, the case fatality rate is low. Comparison of the results of our study with various studies which are done all over the world are found be coinciding. Conclusion: From our study it was undoubtedly proved that alcoholism, mainly consuming locally prepared alcohol plays a major role as a predisposing factor for the formation of liver abscesses that is both amoebic as well as pyogenic liver abscess because of the adverse effects of alcohol over the Liver. It is also proven that Alcoholism is never an etiological factor for the formation of liver abscess.

Background: Worldwide, nodular goitre remains a problem of enormous magnitude affecting no less than 5% of the population. Neither a well formulated nor a simple procedure is available for the management of MNG. Hence the need for the present study. The aim was to study the various modes of presentation, the distribution with respect to age and sex, the usefulness of FNAC, and the complications of surgery. Methods: This was a prospective study of 50 cases of MNG during the period between April 2012 and March 2014, in Chennai medical college hospital with an adequate follow up to look for post op complications. Results: Majority of the patients were females with an M:F ratio of 15:1,with the commonest age group being 31-40 years. All patients presented with swelling in front of the neck, with other complaints being that of pain, discomfort, and features of hyperthyroidism in 6 patients. FNAC was done in all patients and was found to be 100% accurate. Majority of the patients were treated with total thyroidectomy followed by subtotal thyroidectomy. Complications included wound infection, post op bleeding and RLN palsy. Conclusion: FNAC is an invaluable and highly accurate tool in the diagnosis of MNG. Surgery -Total thyroidectomy was found to be an adequate and safe treatment for non-toxic MNG with minimal complications.

Background: Hiatal hernias are a common occurrence in the western population, with an estimated prevalence of 15% to 20%. These hernias may become symptomatic and lead to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), dysphagia, dyspnoea, and may affect cardiac and respiratory function. Being overweight and elderly are the key risk factors in its development.Other known risk factors include: multiple pregnancies, history of oesophageal surgery, partial or full gastrectomy and certain disorders of the skeletal system associated with bone decalcification and degeneration.Methods: This is a retrospective study done on patients who presented to the surgical outpatient at Trichy SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre during the period July 2021 to July 2022.Results: Total of 97 (19.02%) patients presented with lax hiatus 41 (42.27%) and had it exclusively while 5 (5.16%), 31 (31.96%), 10 (10.31%) and 10 (10.31%) had it associated with antral gastritis, diffuse gastritis, pan gastritis and oesophagitis respectively. These values were statistically significant with a p value <0.001. And lax hiatus was more commonly seen among female 56 (57.73%) compared to male 41 (42.27%) and hiatus hernia observed more in male 21 (58.33%) than female 15 (41.67%), there was no statistical significance observed among both the gender.Conclusions: Among the patients those who have presented to the surgery outpatient at Trichy SRM with upper gastrointestinal symptoms and in whom upper GI endoscopy were done the incidence of hiatus hernia was observed to be more prevalent among men compared to women in whom lax hiatus were seen to exist.

Background: Thyroid cancer is a heterogeneous disease that affects all age groups. The tumors are found to be more aggressive in the elderly. The distribution of these cancers in India continues to remain uncertain. The impact of geographic locations in the incidence of thyroid malignancies is yet to be explored. This study was done to estimate the prevalence and distribution of thyroid cancers.Methods: This hospital based retrospective study was done at the Department of Surgery of our medical college hospital. About 50 medical records of patients diagnosed with thyroid cancers at our hospital were analyzed. Data on clinical examination, ultrasound findings and histopathology findings were documented.Results: Out of the 50 patients studied 16 patients had dysphagia, eight patients had dyspnoea and 24 patients had regional metastasis. The most common surgery done for the primary cancer is total thyroidectomy. Hemithyroidectomy was done in 10 patients with SNG, out of which one patient had discrete lymph node per operatively and node dissection was carried out.Conclusions: TSH suppressive doses are recommended for all patients with papillary and follicular thyroid cancers. A cohort study to analyze the survival outcomes of the patients treated with both the surgical modalities will give an insight into the management of thyroid malignancies.