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In this paper, we have introduced the atomic descriptors s( f ) k to determine the local reactive sites of the molecular systems during electrophilic, nucleophilic and radical attacks. The condensed Fukui function and the newly introduced condensed atomic descriptor have been calculated for six different systems, namely glycine, alanine, aniline, BH 2 Cl, trans-FC(O)OF and m-anisidine. The individual atomic charges (gross charge) calculated by the MPA scheme have been used to calculate the condensed Fukui functions ( f k ) and the newly derived condensed atomic descriptors (sf ) α k at B1-DZP level of theory. We carried out the calculation using the "stockholders" charge partitioning technique (i.e., Hirshfeld population scheme). The newly derived quantity gives the same reactive sites as the condensed Fukui functions, and the complexities associated with the negative Fukui functions are removed.

The nitration of tyrosine by atmospheric oxidants, O3 and NO2, is an important cause for the spread of allergenic diseases. In the present study, the mechanism and pathways for the reaction of tyrosine with the atmospheric oxidants O3 and NO2 are studied using DFT-M06-2X, B3LYP, and B3LYP-D methods with the 6-311+G(d,p) basis set. The energy barrier for the initial oxidation reactions is also calculated at the CCSD(T)/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory. The reaction is studied in gas, aqueous, and lipid media. The initial oxidation of tyrosine by O3 proceeds by H atom abstraction and addition reactions and leads to the formation of six different intermediates. The subsequent nitration reaction is studied for all the intermediates, and the results show that the nitration affects both the side chain and the aromatic ring of tyrosine. The rate constant of the favorable oxidation and nitration reaction is calculated using variational transition state theory over the temperature range of 278-350 K. The spectral properties of the oxidation and nitration products are calculated at the TD-M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory. The fate of the tyrosine radical intermediate is studied by its reaction with glutathione antioxidant. This study provides an enhanced understanding of the oxidation and nitration of tyrosine by O3 and NO2 in the context of improving the air quality and reducing the allergic diseases.

Single crystals of Bis(thiourea) cadmium chloride (BTCC), and Tris(thiourea) zinc sulphate (TZnS) have been grown from saturated aqueous solution by slow evaporation method at room temperature. The laser b a n and FT-IR spectra on these crystals are recorded in the frequency range 50-4000cm-'. The spectral data of BTCC and TZnS are interpreted on the basis of thiourea crystal vibrational data. The vibrational frequencies in the FT-IFt &d Raman spectra of BTCC and TZnS establish that ZnSOr and CdClz metal complex are coordinated with thiourea by the metal to sulfur bonds. The effect of the metal complexation on thiourea molecule and nature of bands due to different vibrational modes have been discussed. The lattice vibrational frequencies changes have also been observed and analyzed.

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