Synthesis of antenna arrays employing the &-norm as well as the L,-norm is discussed. The approximation in the &norm is obtained making use of Lawson's algorithm. A general iterative perturbation technique has been evolved for pattern synthesis for the case when the antenna currents alone are vaned as well as for the case when both the antenna currents and the element positions are simultaneously varied. A few illustrative examples are given. The convergence of the iteration and the uniqueness of the solution are discussed.

The study evaluates in vivo antimalarial activity of arteether and garlic pearl oil combination in Plasmodium berghei-infected mouse model of malaria. 72 h (Day 3) post infection, at 2–4% parasitemia, mice were treated with single dose intramuscular injection of α-β arteether, at 750 μg, in combination with three 100 μL oral doses of garlic pearl oil on Day 3, Day 4 and Day 5. Following the treatment, 100% protection and survival of mice were observed. Inhibition of parasitemia in combination treated animals and protection during recrudescence interval of α-β arteether monotherapy was observed in Giemsa-stained blood smears. In addition, a striking increase in anti-parasite antibody IgG contributing protective immunity during the recrudescence phase was observed. These results correlate with western blot analysis, where sera from the recrudescence stage and later period of arteether and garlic oil combination treated animals found to interact with several parasite specific proteins as compared to controls. The present approach shows that arteether and garlic pearl oil combination provides complete protection in P. berghei-infected mice. Thus, for the first time, garlic pearl oil appears to be an ideal antimalarial candidate in artemisinin combination therapy.

Synthesis of linear arrays employing a perturbation technique to achieve sidelobe reduction by varying element positions alone or phases of antenna currents alone, keeping magnitudes of antenna currents equal, is discussed. Both the mean squared and minimax error criteria are employed. The technique may also be used to yield patterns with all sidelobes equal.Corresponding results calculated from ( 1 0) are shown by dotted lines in Figs. 1 and 2. The agreement between them is fairly good considering ( I O ) includes only single diffracted rays. It may be noted that (10) does not give very accurate results when K = ka is small, or when K = nn. In those cases, the more sophisticated ray theory in [3] may be used.For completeness, we will show that the values of B, in (5) and (6) c m be calculated from the results for radiation characteristics. If we denote the radiation field as

Many reports indicate medicinal value of garlic (Allium sativum), a popular herbal medicine used worldwide, and its therapeutic effect against several diseases. Earlier studies in our laboratory have shown a potential therapeutic role of garlic-artemisinin combination in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. A single dose of a, barteether with three oral doses of garlic provides almost 95% protection. The present study aims to understand the mode of action of this combination. We have documented the level of nitric oxide (NO), a key molecule of protection and have seen in the reversal of organ morphology caused by malaria infection. The combination effects on the (a) survival rate and degree of parasitemia and (b) NO levels in blood, liver, spleen and thymus of malaria-infected mice were investigated. During the study, liver, spleen and thymus cell suspensions were assessed for immunobiochemical alterations of NO levels. The increase in NO level after infection appears to be unable to protect, whereas striking increase in spleen and thymus leads to protection against infection, and is further confirmed by detection of increased inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression levels in different organs by RT-PCR. In addition, the role of T cell subsets during combination treatment was also studied. All these results indicate a potential mechanism of protection through NO pathway in combination-treated animals after malaria infection and may lead to an immunotherapy trial of malaria disease.

working on radio oceanographic research problems. His current research R. K. Raney, "Synthetic aperture imaging radar and moving tar-activities are focused on measuring ocean surface waves and currents gets,"