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The investigation of drug-DNA interaction is important for understanding the molecular mechanism of drug action. Interaction of ct-DNA with Alternanthera sessilis, Acorus calamus, Rhaphidophora aurea, Portulaca oleracea and Sterculia foetida mediated AuNPs was monitored by recording the changes in absorption band before and after interaction of ct-DNA and AuNPs by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The interaction of the complex with calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) showed blue shift and hyperchromism in the UV-Vis spectra indicating groove binding for SF, PAK, MP and AC-AuNPs. The morphology of the DNA-nanoparticle complexes seems to be dependent on the nanoparticles concentration and is significantly different for each plant-mediated nanoparticles.

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e59 virus progressed to endemic maintenance after 1-2 years following the invasion.Conclusions: The temporal coincidence of viral dispersions between countries and expansion of global H5N1 genetic diversity suggests the geographical spread might expand the ecological niche and species distribution for H5N1-HPAIV. Furthermore, our study suggests that the mutations on antigenic epitopes of H5N1-HPAIV are essential for their adaptation and immune evasion in bird populations, particularly at the early stage of invasion.