Background: Assessment of outcome after childhood stroke is important both for clinical practice and for research purposes. The objective of this study was to compare two frequently used outcome measures. Methods: In 40 children with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), dichotomized outcome obtained from the Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure (PSOM) was compared with a dichotomized modified Rankin Scale (mRS) combined with information on type of school attendance. In addition, we compared dichotomized outcome, obtained from the PSOM and the mRS combined with school attendance, with the results of pediatric quality of life (PedsQL) questionnaires and the impressions of the child’s general functioning on a visual analogue scale (VAS) that was filled out by parents and investigators. Results: In 35 children (88%), outcome classification was concordant between the two outcome measures. Five children had a poor outcome according to the PSOM and good outcome with the mRS including school performance. In these patients, mRS outcome classification agreed better with the impression of the investigators, as reflected by VAS scores ≧7.5. For both the PSOM and mRS in combination with school performance, patients with a good outcome had significantly higher PedsQL and VAS scores than those with a poor outcome (p values <0.01 for all comparisons). VAS scores of investigators and parents correlated significantly with PedsQL. Conclusions: In children with AIS, both PSOM and mRS combined with school type correlated significantly with quality of life and VAS scores of general functioning. The mRS combined with school type is easier to obtain than the PSOM, reflects function rather than deficits, includes an important measure of cognitive outcome, and corresponds better with the doctor’s impression of outcome.