Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in a nationwide cohort. Patients and Methods All ACL reconstructions, primary and revision, that were recorded in the Swedish Knee Ligament Register (SKLR) between 2006 and 2013 were linked with data from the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. The incidence of VTE was determined by entries between the day of surgery until 90 days postoperatively based on diagnosis codes and the prescription of anticoagulants. Risk factors, outcome, and the use of thromboprophylaxis were analyzed. Descriptive statistics with multivariate analysis were used to describe the findings. Results The cohort consisted of 26 014 primary and revision ACL reconstructions. There were 89 deep venous thromboses (DVTs) and 12 pulmonary emboli (PEs) with a total of 95 VTEs (0.4 %). Six patients with a PE had a simultaneous DVT. The only independent risk factor for VTE was age greater than or equal to 40 years (odds ratio 2.31, 95% confidence interval 1.45 to 3.70; p < 0.001). Thromboprophylaxis was prescribed to 9461 patients (36%) and was equally distributed between those with and those without a VTE (37.9% vs 36.4%). All patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) one and two years postoperatively were significantly lower in those with VTE. Conclusion The incidence of VTE following ACL reconstruction is 0.4%, and the only significant risk factor is age. Patients with VTE had worse postoperative clinical outcome than patients without VTE. We recommend against the routine use of thromboprophylaxis, but it should be considered in older patients.

Objectives To investigate gender and age differences in sociodemographic risk factors and their relationship with femur shaft fractures and injury mechanisms in children. Methods Population based case-control study. Swedish children (N=1,874), aged 0-14 years, with a femur shaft fracture diagnostic code between 1987-2005 were compared to matched controls (N=18,740). Data were based on record linkage between six Swedish registers. Adjusted Odds Ratios were calculated. Results Parental age < 25 years old increased the risk (25%) for fracture, compared to parents with an average age of 25-37 years. When stratifying for gender and age group, the risk (40%) was only seen in older boys, 7-14 years of age. If parents' total income was among the 25 th percentile, the risk (20%) increased, compared to parents with an income in the 50 th percentile. The risk (50%) was only seen in older girls living in low-income households. Children with at least one university-educated parent reduced their fracture risk (15%), compared to children whose parents had 10-12 years of education, but this decrease could not be linked to gender and age group. Family composition, number of siblings, birth order or receiving social welfare did not influence the fracture risk. Regarding the cause of injury none of the sociodemographic variables influenced the risk equal for boys and girls. Conclusions Sociodemographic differences related to femur shaft fracture rate and cause of injury differ between boys and girls in different age groups. This have implications for parental counselling.