River fragmentation and alterations in flow and thermal regimes are the main stressors affecting migrating fish, which could be aggravated by climate change and increasing water demand. To assess these impacts and define mitigation measures, it is vital to understand fish movement patterns and the environmental variables affecting them. This study presents a long-term (1995–2019) analysis of upstream migration patterns of anadromous and potamodromous brown trout in the lower River Bidasoa (Spain). For this, captures in a monitoring station were analyzed using Survival Analysis and Random Forest techniques. Results showed that most upstream movements of potamodromous trout occurred in October–December, whereas in June–July for anadromous trout, although with differences regarding sex and size. Both, fish numbers and dates varied over time and were related to the environmental conditions, with different influence on each ecotype. The information provided from comparative studies can be used as a basis to develop adaptive management strategies to ensure freshwater species conservation. Moreover, studies in the southern distribution range can be crucial under climate warming scenarios, where species are expected to shift coldwards.
La trucha común (Salmo trutta) es una especie ampliamente distribuida a lo largo del mundo y de gran importancia social y económica. En general, el descenso de la temperatura del agua y el aumento de caudal estimulan su migración reproductiva. Por lo tanto, alteraciones antropogénicas de estos factores pueden causar impactos negativos en sus poblaciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es entender las consecuencias de alteraciones artificiales en el régimen de caudales sobre la migración de la trucha común. Para ello, se comparan las capturas de trucha en escalas para peces (puntos obligatorios de paso para la migración) en dos ríos de la Península Ibérica sometidos a diferentes regímenes hidrológicos (atlántico y mediterráneo) y bajo diferentes escenarios de regulación de caudales. Los resultados de este trabajo muestran que el aumento del caudal estimula los movimientos e influye significativamente en el inicio y mantenimiento de la migración reproductora. Además, los diferentes regímenes de caudales provocan diferencias en las fechas medias de migración. Conocer los factores que influyen en la migración de la trucha común será muy útil para definir estrategias para su conservación y manejo (e.g. definición de caudales ecológicos, funcionamiento de pasos para peces, períodos y cupos de pesca, etc.).
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