No abstract

ical devices and pharmacy costs. Reimbursements for patients with declining renal function were estimated at €4,933 Ϯ368.9 for monotherapy, €4,521 Ϯ350.8 for double therapy, €4,191 Ϯ497.9 for triple therapy and €13,768 Ϯ1106.2 for insulin therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, ambulatory care costs increase with treatment escalation and declining renal function amongst T2DM patients. Insulin therapy is associated with substantial increased costs, related to pharmacy, nursing care and medical device utilization.