ResumenEl xantogranuloma del plexo coroideo es un tumor benigno de etiología desconocida que raramente produce síntomas. Su comportamiento en los estudios de resonancia magnética se ha descrito en pocas ocasiones y no está bien definido. Presentamos un nuevo caso de xantogranuloma del tercer ventriculo con caraterísti-cas atípicas en los estudios de CT y RM craneal en un paciente de 47 años y una clínica de 2 meses de evolución de alteración de la marcha y deterioro cognitivo. Igualmente, se revisa la literatura existente respecto a la presentación clínica y radiológica de estos tumores. . We report a new case of symptomatic XG of the third ventricle studied with CT and MRI and showing some particular histopathological and neuroradiological features. Case reportA 47-year-old man was admitted with a 2-month history of gait instability and urinary disturbances, consisting in occasional loss of sphincterian control and short-term memory deficits. The symptoms had developed insidiously and the patient did not suffer headache, vomiting or loss of visual acuity.Physical and routine laboratory examinations, including serum cholesterol determinations, were normal. Neurological examination revealed disturbance of recent memory and cognitive impairment. Fundoscopy was normal. He scored 24/30 on minimental test. Short stepped gait and intentional tremor were also observed.Cranial CT scan showed a 2x2x1 cm oval shaped lesion located in area of the third ventricle obstructing the foramina of Monro and causing biventricular hydrocephalus. The lesion was heterogeneous appearing partly hypodense and hyperdense, with hyperdense areas corresponding to calcification. Following contrast injection the lesion showed partial enhancement. There was associated edema in the basal ganglia of the left cerebral hemisphere ( Figure 1).Cranial MRI revealed the lesion in the region of third ventricle and hypothalamic area. It was located mainly extraventricularly, spreading between the fornices, oc- cluding both foramina of Monro and causing bilateral hydrocephalus. It was heterogeneous in appearance being isointense in pT1 sequences and hyperintense in pT2 images, showing haemosiderin deposits and calcification. Important hyperintensity extending into the left basal ganglia region suggestive of edema was also observed. Following gadolinium administration it showed partial enhancement ( Figure 2).The patient was operated through a transcallosal approach. The left foramen of Monro appeared deformated by a brown yellowish subependymal lesion adhered to the body of the left fornix. Total excision preserving both fornices was achieved. Histopathological examination revealed a lesion composed of foamy cells in relation to vascular lines corresponding to choroids plexus showing changes secondary to haemorrhage and fibrosis which would explain the absence of the typical epithelial covering of the choroid plexus. The histological diagnosis was xanthogranuloma ( Figure 3).Postoperative MRI control showed disappearance of perilesional edema and mass ef...

En este trabajo presentamos un procedimiento secuenciado para la detección de las dificultades lectoras en una muestra representativa de la población escolar constituida por el alumnado de 2º, 4º y 6º de primaria (N=2012), escolarizado en todos los centros públicos (14) y concertados (5) de un mismo municipio. En la primera fase, un test colectivo de lectura (Test de Eficiencia Lectora TECLE) nos permitió identificar 237 escolares con retraso lector, no explicado por la presencia de otros trastornos (cognitivo, sensorial, conductual, lingüístico, social, etc.). En la segunda fase se aplicaron pruebas de lectura (palabras y pseudopalabras) y de ortografía (palabras con correspondencias fonema-grafema inconsistentes) para seleccionar los casos con retraso lector asociados a dificultades en los mecanismos fonológico y/u ortográfico de base. Los resultados muestran mayor incidencia del retraso lector en 2º curso de primaria (15.2 %) frente a la encontrada en 4º (9.3 %) y 6º (10.9 %). Esta diferencia puede ser explicada por la inclusión en 2º de alumnos cuyo retraso podría desaparecer sin una intervención especifica. Las dificultades globales de lectura establecidas con el Test de Eficiencia Lectora TECLE se explican en gran parte por dificultades más básicas en descodificación y ortografía.Palabras clave: Prevalencia de la Dislexia Evolutiva; Dificultades de Aprendizaje de la Lectura; Retraso Lector.We present a sequential procedure aimed at detecting reading acquisition difficulties. Data were collected from a representative sample (N=2012) of 2nd, 4th, and 6th graders from all state schools (n=14) and private schools (N=5) in a single district. In the first step, a silent reading test (Test de Eficiencia Lectora TECLE) was collectively conducted.It identified 273 children who presented reading difficulties that could not be explained by other causes (cognitive, sensory, behavioural, linguistic, and social). In the second step, the selected sample were administered a reading test (words and pseudo-words), and an orthographic test (words presenting inconsistent phoneme-to-grapheme items) to identify more basic phonological and orthographical deficits which might explain the reading difficulties detected using the Test de Eficiencia Lectora TECLE. The results showed a greater incidence of reading problems in 2nd-grade students (15.2%) than in 4th-grade (9.3%) and 6th-grade (10.9%) students. This difference could be explained by the presence of 2nd graders with reading difficulties who can overcome their difficulties without any special intervention.We also show that a large part of the global reading delay observed can be explained by difficulties in basic decoding and orthographic abilities.

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