There has recently been a rapid growth of activity in nonlinear optics. Effects such as frequency doubling, stimulated Raman scattering, phase conjugation and solitons are of great interest both for their fundamental properties and their many important applications in science and engineering. It is mainly these applications - especially in telecommunications and information processing - that have stimulated the recent surge of activity. This book is a self contained account of the most important principles of nonlinear optics. Assuming only a familiarity with basic mathematics, the fundamentals of nonlinear optics are fully developed from basic concepts. The essential quantum mechanical apparatus is introduced and explained. In later chapters the underlying ideas are illustrated by discussing particular experimental configurations and materials. This book will be an invaluable introduction to the field for beginning graduates in physics or engineering, and will provide an excellent overview and reference work for active researchers in the field.

The Landauer-Buttiker formalism for an electronic microstructure with many terminals is extended to account for temperature changes in the reservoirs and heat fluxes in the terminals. Terminal relations are developed in the presence of an arbitrary applied magnetic induction field which becomes uniform in the neighborhood of each terminal. They use temperature changes in the reservoirs and either chemical potential changes in the reservoirs or charge fluxes in the terminals as independent variables. In both cases formulae for the transport matrices are given in terms of the scattering matrix of the microstructure. Onsager symmetry relations and reciprocity theorems are given for electrical, thermal and thermoelectric configurations. The behaviour of quantum point contacts is outlined.

Electron-phonon coupling of a two-dimensional electron gas in a Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor in the temperature range 0.3 KϽTϽ4 K has been investigated using phonon-drag thermopower S g and electron energy loss rate F(T). At low temperatures ͑the Bloch limit͒ we find S g ϰT 6 , as expected for electron-phonon scattering mediated by a screened deformation potential, and the magnitude is in excellent agreement with a calculation using no adjustable parameters; the calculation continues to give good agreement at higher temperatures. F(T) has been calculated using the same input parameters as for S g . Reasonably good agreement is found with the observed values for TϾ1.5 K, but at lower temperatures the measured F(T) is much larger than predicted and also exhibits a much weaker temperature dependence. Possible reasons are suggested. ͓S0163-1829͑97͒05143-6͔