Sixteen Salmonella Gallinarum and 24 Salmonella Pullorum strains isolated from chickens were screened for resistance to 11 antibacterial agents using the disc diffusion method. Five of the Salmonella Gallinarum and five of S. Pullorum strains resistant to streptomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim were screened for presence of strA/strB, aac (3)-II, aac (3)-1V, tetA and tetB and sul 1 (dfr/A) and sul 3 (dfr/G) resistance genes. A singleplex PCR with resistance gene specific primers was used to ascertain the presence of the target resistance gene. All the Salmonella isolates studied were resistant to ampicillin while 95% were resistant to tetracycline and streptomycin. None of the isolates were resistant to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Three of the sulphamethaxazole/trimethoprim-resistant isolates haboured dfrA and dfrG genes while one of the gentamicin-resistant isolates was positive for aac (3)-II genes. None out of the 10 streptomycin and tetracycline resistant isolates harbored any strA/strB, tetA and tetB genes. In addition, none of the 10 gentamicin resistant isolates harbored aac (3)-IV genes. The high resistance rates recorded in this study may be attributed to indiscriminate use of antibacterial agents.

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Newcastle disease (ND) is an economically important disease of poultry. Vaccination had been the only way of prevention in Nigeria and indeed many countries of the world. Possible therapy is presently lacking. Drugs developed from medicinal chemistry, plant natural products constitute major sources of innovative therapeutic agents for various infectious diseases. Here we studied the in-vivo antiviral effect of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Tt) pods on ND virus in Birds. The aim of this study is to test the ability of this plant to prevent death in Birds. The study employed one (1) phase experimental design. Two concentrations of Tt extract (1.0%, 0.1%) and control were used for treatment in phase 1. All test birds were treated at pre-exposition prophylaxis, at time of prophylaxis Original Research Article

The aim of the study is to isolate and identify Microsporum canis from companion animals (dogs and cats) in three local government areas of Abia State. A total of one hundred and fifty skin scrapings from infected dogs (100) and cats (50) were screened. Saboruad destroxe agar was used for the culture and Needle mount technique was adopted. Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LCB) was used for staining. Demographic indices like; age, sex, and breed of the animals were considered. This organism at macroscopy appears as white, light yellow, cottony to powdery colonies. At microscopic view, the spores of M. canis appear as large and spindle shaped with thick wall. The dogs has a predominant isolation rate of 36.0%.The female dogs and cats presented the highest frequency of occurrence at 58.2% and 63.6% respectively. Dogs of 9months old and above had more M. canis isolation rate at 70.0%, while cats between 5 and 8months of age had the highest isolation rate at 33.3%. Dogs and cats at 1 to 4 months of age had the least M. canis isolation rate at 7.5% and 14.5% respectively. The indigenous breeds of dogs had the highest isolation rate of M. canis at 53.8% while the Caucasian breed was the least at 7.7%. Statistical analysis shows that (p=.05) there is significance in isolation rate of M. canis in dogs and cats.